OCTOBER - THE USA

The USA

Ce mois ci, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent aux USA. Ils vous font découvrir Las Vegas, ses casinos et sa pègre, Le Grand Canyon et ses paysages lunaires, George Washington, l'homme de l'indépendance et le premier président, le cinéma de Steven Spielberg, La musique de Nelly et Will Smith, Le football Americain, Le coyote, les recettes du Cornbread et de la Pumpkin pie et sans oublier le Wild West Show de Buffalo Bill.

Bonne lecture.

Miss Kahel

LAS VEGAS

Las Vegas is the largest city in the state of Nevada, United States.
Las Vegas is a first tourist destination in the United States. In 2004, the city hosted 37.4 million visitors, 80% coming from California.
Las Vegas is the seat of Clark County since 1909 (the year of the creation of the county).
It is also the seat of a Catholic diocese.
According to the Census Bureau, the population of the municipality was 583,756 inhabitants in 2010.
The Greater Las Vegas does not match the metropolitan area (MSA)
Las Vegas is originally a single locality fed by a spring in the desert.

Las Vegas is the 30th municipality in the country and the 30th urban area. Its territory covers approximately 1,906 km ² A dozen districts compose it (Las Vegas, Enterprise, North Las Vegas, Spring Valley, Winchester, Paradise, Boulder City, Henderson ...)

Money bets and games are developped in this city and the Mafia got soon interested in it. Thus, in the years 1940 to 1970 , the Mafia was found at the head of millions of dollars from either pension funds or its trafficking. Millions were bleached or grow , and if possible both at the same time . The casino option was quickly adopted : everything was done in cash.

Initially, the Mafia preferred Cuba, and the beginnings of the Flamingo hotel - casino which was launched in 1946 by Bugsy Siegel were difficult. Indeed, Cuba had enormous advantages: extraterritoriality, tacit alliance with the local political power and the CIA to keep the island in the American orbit , close to the East Coast, far region of the United States, the most populated at that time. In 1959 , the fall of Batista , the dictator overthrown by Fidel Castro, marked the end of an era of prosperity : the Mafia was therefore attracted by Las Vegas.

Stars like Frank Sinatra were known for the friendship with the Las Vegas Mafia.

Luis and Ibrahim 

The grand Canyon

The Grand Canyon is a huge monument that is along the Colorado River in the United States, It's extraordinarily long of 450km and between 5m to 300m wide.

The Grand Canyon has very old rocks, they are over 1.7 billion years old. This monument is 1300 m deep. Forty-five earthquakes affected this historic monument in the twentieth century.

It has many fossil. Researchers found caves with animal hair and bones. There is a rumor that the Grand Canyon was formed in the cénozoïc times. It was carved by the force of the Colorado River,

The chart here was found at: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon ! :)

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average maximum temperatures ° C	5	7	10	15	21	27	29	28	24	18	11	6
Average minimum temperature ° C	-8	-6	-4	0	4	8	12	12	8	2	-3	-7
Average rainfall (mm)	33	39	35	23	16	10	46	57	29	28	23	-4

This table shows the maximum temperatures per month, minimum and average rainfall (mm). For example in January, in the Grand Canyon, the maximum temperature is 5 °.

And the minimum temperature is -8 ° still in January. This table was approved by scientists.

The Grand Canyon is also famous for the films shot in this place such as:

Grand Canyon Adventure, Edge of Eternity or Thelma and Louise.

Antony et Scotti

HISTORY PEOPLE

George Washington

 George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, Colony of Virginia which was still at the time a British nation. Against the oppression of the British taxes, he became the leader of the War of Independence. He first improved his fighting skills through his participation in the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) against the English.

He quickly became famous before becoming the first American president in 1789 until March 4, 1797 and the capital of America was named after him: Washington DC

During his first term (1789-1793), the president labored to make the executive branch and the federal government stronger. For this, he gathered around him a team of men who had distinguished themselves during the revolution: Alexander Hamilton took care of the Treasury Department, Thomas Jefferson was the Secretary of State, Henry Knox his secretary of war, Edmund Randolph to justice and John Adams his vice president. James Madison was one of his top advisers.

On December 12, 1799, Washington caught a cold in his wet clothes. A bacterial infection of the epiglottis slowly suffocated him under the growing swelling in his throat and he died.

In his honor they put his head on every U.S. Dollar bill.

Clément & Dylan

CINEMA

STEVEN SPIELBERG

Steven Allan Spielberg is a director, screenwriter and producer, bornon the 18^th of December 1946 in Cincinnati (Ohio).

He first lived in New Jersey and Arizona, he has three brothers and sisters. It is thanks to "Duel" that Spielberg was given the realization of "Sugarland Express" and it will be his first film shot specifically for the cinema.

In 1993, in addition to "Jurassic Park", he made his most internationally awarded film "Schindler's List".

Steven Spielberg has a special place in American cinema. His production policy was quite explosive compared to what was the routine of the American cinema at the time.

He made science fiction, action-packed movies such as “E.T.”:

An alien spaceship landed at night in the neighbourhood of Los Angeles. Aliens botanists were sent to Earth on an exploration mission to collect some plants. One drifted away from thegroup and explored the forest before stopping, fascinated by the city lights in the distance. This is its first discovery of human civilization.

But a group of men arrived in cars and hunted the creature who tried to join his fellows. who, avoiding contact with humans, went off the ship and left the planet in a hurry. The alien was now alone and frightened but he managed to reach a residential area where there is a family in crisis: Mary, a divorced mother and her three children: Elliot, Michael and Gertie.

Elliott, 10 years old, soon discovers the creature who took refuge in

his garden, and after moments of fears, he invites him into his room. Bound by a psychic link, the two beings are soon to become very close. Elliott named his new friend ET ​​(Extra-Terrestrial). Soon helped by his sister and his brother, Elliot will then attempt to keep the presence of ET secret. ET only aspires to one thing: to find his family by all means. He starts to build a communication device, combining several tools and computer games, and trying to call space. 

But his health declines and he also leads the human lady with him to death. At the same time, the army discovers its existence and invests the scene to build a research laboratory ... For the end, you will have to watch the film :)

Enzo & Quentin

MUSIC

NELLY

Nelly is the star name of Cornell Haynes Jr, born in 1974, he sings pop, rap, rnb styles.

He is 38 years old. He has different styles.

His first single was Country Grammar became famous in 2000.

Nelly released an album in 2008 called Brass Knuckles, it was well known that disk was accompanied by clips as an ode to the famous basketball players. He won the best MTV video clips music awards.

He left many singles and underwent a little change with a gangsta style.

He began manufacturing t-shirt, sweatshirt and trendy urban clothes. He had many buyers.

He became rich and bought luxury cars.

ALLAN

MUSIC

WILL SMITH

WILL SMITH is an American hip hop singer who uses jazz influences mixed with rock and rap.

His first album saw the beginning of his career in 1987,

Will Smith was called The Fresh Prince and his friend Jeffrey Towne was a DJ (disc jockey).

Murat

SPORT

American football

The American football is a sport created in 1861. It is a team sport that consists in playing against time. The aim of the game is to score points with an oval ball into the opponent's camp. The ball can be worn, progressed, launched, intercepted out, kicked or hit. The points can be scored in different ways such as by crossing the line of the opponent and throwing the ball to a team member who is then in the offensive zone or you shoot into the ball.

The equipment is composed of a full gear with a helmet with a facemask (A développer!!!)

The Super Bowl is an annual championship of whole America. It is a big celebration with superstars singing during the mid-term break. There is also a world championship.

Adrien & Amaury

The coyote

The coyote is an animal that is between 75-100cm in length and about 60cm high.

Its coat varies from gray to cinnamon color with a slight pink tinge. The ears are sometimes large, the snout is sometimes large.

It can also weigh between 9 to 16 kg if not not more.

They have a life expectancy of 8 to 10 years.

It eats rabbits, hares, raccoons and porcupines.

They live close to the city. It can be found in North America or Central America.

South American coyotes run very fast, thanks to their slim, muscular body and very long thin legs, they can reach a speed of 60 km / h for a distance of approximately 300 meters. They are faster than the wolves.

Océane et Théo

AMERICAN FOOD

American cooking starts with the American Indians , who cultivated the land and lived there for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. The diet of different tribes depended largely on the climate, flora and fauna of the territory they occupied : the landmass of the modern United States stretches 2500 km from North to South and 4500 km from East to West .

The " cornbread " is a kind of corn cake .

It looks more like a cake than bread. It is delicious freshly baked but also reheated the next day . The Cornbread is typical of the southern United States and is found in an infinite number of recipes. It is extremely easy to make.

Recipe " Boston cornbread "
- 170g of unsalted butter - soft- 370g of sugar
- 3 eggs
- 100 g of oil
- 1 Packet of baking powder (11g)
- 315g of flour
- 180g of cornstarch
- 2 Teaspoons of salt

- 240g of semi-skimmed milk
° Preheat your oven to 180 ° C.
° Place the softened butter and sugar in a bowl.
° Now place in a separate bowl the flour, cornmeal and baking powder . Mix well.
° Mix butter and sugar until you get a cream, then add the whole eggs.
° Add the oil and mix again.
° Add the dry mixture ( flour and yeast) and mix well.
° Finally, add the milk and let it stand for at least 3 minutes.
° The resulting mixture must be frothy .
° Pour into a square pan 23cm on 23cm or an equivalent rectangular area , buttered and floured ...
° Now bake for 45-55 minutes depending on your oven wattage . The " cornbread will swell and get brown. It must be cooked in the middle.
° Remove from the pan and cool it on a wire rack.
° Cut with a saw bread, " cornbread " is eaten hot. You can also warm it up in the microwave for a few seconds.

Spiced Pumpkin Cheesecake

For the crust
- 125 g of crushed biscuits ( Little Brown , Speculoos , etc.).
- 100 g of caster sugar
- 55 g of melted butter

For the paste.
- 450 g cream cheese (St Môret type or Philadelphia )
- 100 g caster sugar
- 2 teaspoons of vanilla extract
- 2 eggs
- 120 g of pumpkin puree
- 1 pinch of ground cinnamon
- 1 pinch of ground cloves
- 1 pinch of nutmeg
- Whipped cream

° Prepare the pastry by mixing the cookie crumbs , 100 g of powdered sugar and melted butter . Press into the bottom of a springform pan about 22 cm large.
° Now preheat your oven to 160 ° C (gas mark 5/6) . In a bowl , combine cream cheese, powdered sugar and vanilla flavor . Beat until it's smooth. Add eggs , one after the other. Spread the dough over the pastry . Put it into the oven.
° Add the pumpkin puree , cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg to the remaining batter and stir gently to mix. Thoroughly spread on the first layer of paste.
° Now bake for 35 to 40 minutes, until the center is almost set . Let it cool , then refrigerate for at least 3 hours. Serve it with whipped cream.

Enjoy your meal!

Remy & Marine

THE CIRCUS

<<Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show>>

Buffalo Bill was called William Frederick Cody. He was born in 1846 and died in 1917. He was American. They presented rodeo shows every night of summer, Americans painters, firearms shows. From 1882 to 1912 Buffalo Bill organized a popular show called

"THE BUFFALO BILLS WILD WEST SHOW".

He toured throughout America and Europe with his band. In 1896 he went to France, to the capital town of Paris and to Burgundy. In 1885 he toured around the States. In 1905, the show experienced a major success in Paris and his cavalry troops participated to a much noticed great procession during the carnival in Paris.
Sitting Bull, a famous Indian chief, participated in the Wild West show of Buffalo Bill in 1885 in the United States but in Canada, he was not allowed to go there.

Calamity Jane also participated to the Buffalo Bill Wild West Show in the United States in 1885, making thousands of kids dream about the legends of the Wild West, Indians and Cowboys, Buffallos and adventure.

Mélanie & Océane.