Ce mois ci CANADA

                     Canada

           Ce mois ci, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent au Canada. Ils vous font découvrir la ville de Calgary et les jeux Olympiques qui s'y sont déroulés en 1988, des personnalités telles que Crowfoot, le chef indien, le chanteur Michael Bublé, l'acteur William Shatner ou de la compagnie de cirque Inuit Artcirq.  Ils vous parlent du Parlement d'Ottawa, d'animaux typiques comme le Grizzly ou le Castor,  pour toujours terminer en gourmandise avec nos recettes, cette fois ils vous proposent une soupe au Cheddar et à la bière, un pain aux noisettes Algonquin et en dessert, une fondue au syrop d'érable, sans oublier de vous expliquer comment on récolte ce fameux sirop.

Bonne lecture.

Melle Kahel

CANADA - Famous City

Calgary

As the energy sector is responsible for the largest share of jobs in Calgary, the consequences of the recession of the 1980s are enormous. The unemployment rate soared. Towards the end of the decade, however, the economy is recovering . The city realizes that it can not depend on such a point on only the oil industry, and the city has diversified greatly since, economically and culturally. The period of recession marks the transition of Calgary from a medium-sized city grassland into a cosmopolitan and diverse city center. This transition was completed in February 1988 when the city hosted the XVth Winter Olympic Games, the success of these games announcing the entrance of the city on the world stage.

The economy in Calgary and Alberta is now booming and the region, which now has nearly 1.1 million people, is still experiencing growth among the fastest in the country. The gas and oil industry is the largest part of the economy, but the city has also invested a lot in other areas. Tourism is an economic activity that has the fastest expansion in the city. More than 4.5 million people a year visit the city, attracted by Lake Lousi located close to the Rocky Mountains, creating economic benefits for Calgary. Other areas of importance include light manufacturing, high-tech, film industry, transportation and services.

Oceane & Theo 

CANADA - Famous place

The Parliament of Ottawa

The construction of the current Canadian Parliament Buildings, seat of government, began on December 20^th 1861 by the British colony on Barrack's Hill, which later became Parliament Hill. The parliament in Ottawa is the oldest of the supreme authority in the federal state of Canada and therefore supersedes all federal agencies.

The parliament consists of a head represented by the British monarch (in reality the government and the prime minister) the Senate (representing the provinces and territories) and the House of Commons (representing the people). In the absence of the British monarch, she is represented by the Governor General, who appoints the 105 members in the opinion of the Privy Council of the Queen and the 308 sworn deputies of the House of Commons after the election by a vote by districts. The Canadian Prime Minister, Stephen Harper was sworn in on February 6^th 2006. He is the 22nd Prime Minister of the Confederacy, his Conservative party winning 125 of the 308 seats in the 2006 federal election. He was reappointed to this position in a minority government after elections in 2008. He got a majority government in the elections of May 2^nd , 2011.

Dylan & Clement.

CANADA - Famous People

Crowfoot

Chief Crowfoot was named Isapo-Muxika and was born in 1830 amid the Kainai nation. He was appointed Astohkomi at birth. When he was only 5 years old, his father was killed by Ravens. His mother remarried to a man of the Siksika Nation, and was renamed Kyi-i-staah and later received the name of his father.

After proving his value in battle and especially during an attack against the Ravens when he struck a tipi, he finally received his adult name, Isapo-Muxika, which had been worn by one of his ancestors, he continued to be respected and participated in 19 fights and was wounded six times before the age of 20 years old, including a gunshot wound and the bullet was never removed. He is also known to have killed a grizzly with a spear.

Once adult, Isapo-Muxika forsook the war to engage in breeding horses. In 1865, after the death of the leader of his tribe, No-okskatos, he became a minor chief in the tribe and headed a band of about twenty huts. His band was originally known as the Big Pipes, but was renamed Moccasins. Isapo-Muxica forged himself a good reputation among white and half cast people up to provide them with assistance and convince the rest of his tribe not to attack convoys.

An outbreak of smallpox in 1869 and 1870 was due to several Blackfoot chiefs and Isapo-Muxika thus became one of the three main leaders. His son was killed in a raid against the Crees. In 1872, there were only two leaders left: Natosapi and him . He launched a major offensive attack against the Crees in which a Cree warrior was killed. This is the last achievement of Isapo-Muxika who made peace with the Crees thereafter. Moreover, he met a Cree , Pitikwahanapiwiyin who looked like his son and he decided to adopt it and gave him the name Makoyi-koh-kin. He later became chief of his nation.

In 1873, during negotiations for the signing of Treaty 7 between the Crown and several indigenous nations including the Blackfeet, Isapo-Muxika was seen as an ally and played an important role. However, once his tribe was placed in a reserve, it discouraged them to rise against the Canadian government, but it still prevented him from taking part in the Northwest Rebellion in 1885, seeing that the battle was already lost.

Isapo Muxika died on April 25^th, 1890 near Blackfoot Crossing, in Alberta, from a disease he had suffered for the last ten years of his life.

Mélanie

CANADA - Music

MICHAEL BUBLE

Michael Bublé, who was born on the 9^th of September 1975 in Burnaby, British Columbia, is an Italian-born Canadian pop, soul and especially jazz singer, but also an actor. With his 2003 album Michael Bublé reached the top 10 in Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. In 2004, a live album and video called Come Fly with Me (2004) enrolled in the Billboard Music Video and reached the top 40 selling albums in Australia. He obtained a commercial success in the U.S. with It's Time.

On his website, he stressed the importance of his grandfather in his musical tastes. "My grandfather was really my best friend. It was he who introduced me to the world of Jazz music that seems to have disappeared during my generation. Although I like rock and roll and modern music. The first time my grandfather played me the Mills Brothers, something magical happened. The lyrics were so romantic, so real ... as if the song was made for me. It was like seeing my future as a flash. I wanted to be a singer and I knew that this was the music I wanted to sing. "

He recorded three independent albums, one as a gift to his grandfather. Michael Bublé has won two Genie Award nominations in 2000 for two songs he had written for the film Here's to Life.

Michael Bublé's career began to break through after a meeting with an associate of former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, Michael McSweeney. McSweeney had enjoyed a performance of Michael Bublé who then presented a new album. McSweeney, in turn, gave the album to Mulroney and his wife. Thus Bublé was invited to sing at the wedding of the couple's daughter, Caroline Mulroney in 2000, where he sang Mack the Knife by Kurt Weill. At the ceremony, Brian Mulroney introduced Bublé to David Foster, a producer and member of the executive of Warner Brothers who'd worked with Josh Groban. Foster and Bublé concluded to an agreement with the label '143 'for the production of the self-titled album Michael Bublé in 2000. The album contains a variety of songs, including Fever, The Way You Look Tonight, For Once In My Life, Moondance and You'll Never Find other Love Like Mine.

Michael Bublé received the award for "New Artist of the Year" at the Juno Awards in 2004, when his self-titled album was named "Album of the Year" but it was eventually won by Sam Roberts.
Michael Bublé released a Christmas EP entitled Let It Snow! at the end of 2003. The title track of the album reached the top 40 singles in Australia, ironically in the middle of summer in this country. He released a live album and a DVD, in April 2004, reaching the top 10 of the Billboard video charts. The album also reached the top 50 of the Australian charts at the end of April and the Billboard 200 album charts. Let It Snow! was rescanned in the United States on October 9^th , 2007.
On September 20^th , 2011, the crooner Tony Bennett's Duets II, an album of duets with title Do not Get Around Much Anymore was co-interpreted with Michael Bublé.

Enzo PISTAT Quentin BIET

CANADA - Cinema

William Shatner

William Shatner is an actor born in Quebec and famous for his role of Captain James T. Kirk in the Star Trek television series. He was born on the 22^nd of March 1931 in Montreal.
William Shatner was born in Côte Saint-Luc. He is the son of Anne (née Garmaise) and Joseph Shatner, a clothing designer. He did not limit himself to the movies, he was also a singer He released several albums, for example in 2004. He joined Sony in 1968 and The Transformed Man was released by Universal. He is also a writer, he has written several books in the Star Trek series, which were published in French in the black River editions.

William Shatner was a WWE host and he won the Slammy Award for Guest Host of the Year on the 1^st of February 2010 and since September 2010 he has been the star of the series My Dad Says on CBS. He appeared in Miss Congeniality in 2005. He has also been the eccentric Denny Crane in Boston Justice since 2004 and the voice in Over the Egde, an animated film. He won two Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe for his role in Boston Justice. He also was a star in a show called Hooker, which tells the exploits of a cop (TJ Hooker) and his associate Romano. Together they stop criminals and drug dealers but he is also responsible for the training of future police officers.

He is currently dating, although he had three wives in the past.

He realized: Kung-Fu, The Legend Continues in 1993 and also in 1994 and in 1996 TekWar, Forbidden Experiments .

He was the writer of Groom Lake in 2002 and Fire Snake in 2007.

On television he acted in 1960 Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.

ERTON & MURAT

CANADA - Animals

The Grizzly


The grizzly is a subspecies of brown bear . The size of a male is about 1,05 to 1,30 meter high at the shoulder and measures about 2 meters to 2,50 meters long. Its weight can vary from 190 to 350 kilograms for a male and a female between 125 and 200 kilograms. The grizzly accumulates 200 kg of fat to spend the winter in a lethargic state, however, is not true hibernation.

Its front legs and shoulders are particularly massive and powerful and allow to dig and run very quickly despite its weight and size, the grizzly is capable of achieving more than 66 kilometres an hour. Its coat has a gradient blond , brown and black shade or a mixture of the three.

The grizzly was initially present in Asia, Africa, Europe and North America . It prefers semi open land, usually in mountainous regions. In Canada, it is found in British Columbia
Castor canadensis

Origin : The Contemporary American Beaver looks like its Eurasian Beaver ancestor that would have colonized North America. Today there are 24 North American subspecies of castor canadensis improperly named as a relict population that still lives in Mexico .
Description : His massive body ends with a flat tail that is covered with tough scales and rough hairs. The tail of a large beaver measures up to 30 cm in length and is up to 18 cm wide and 4 cm thick. A Canadian Beaver measuring 1 to 1.2 m, it is the second largest American rodent after the capybara ( found in South America ). Incisors teeth are long, strong and sharp and grow continually and are cured by a dark orange enamel layer covering the outer side. Thus, as the animal rubs against its upper incisors its lower incisors, the outer end of the teeth of the blade retains a new chisel .
Behavior: The Canadian beaver is a semi-aquatic/terrestrial rodent, who lives near lakes, ponds and freshwater streams . It does not hibernate , but accumulates reserves near its hut and sleeps longer in winter.

REMY & MARINE

CANADA - Food

Canadian beer & cheese soup 

           Typical Canadian culinary tradition, the Canadian cheese soup is a soup made of grated cheddar and ideal to enjoy during a family dinner in the winter as well as delight your palate. In addition to its very particular taste, the originality of the dish is the addition of a good beer at the end of cooking: usually, it is a Canadian beer, but it can be replaced by other beers. Canadian cheese soup is as delicious hearty dish. You can expect the addition of other ingredients: potatoes, mushrooms, carrots, and many other ingredients that vary according to personal taste.

For 10 people
Preparation time : 20 minutes
Cooking time : 15 minutes
Ingredients:
- 1kg of smoked bacon (bacon ) - cut into small pieces
- 1 cup of chopped red onion
- 1 cup of chopped celery
- 4 tablespoons of butter
- 1 cup of flour
- 3 cups of chicken broth
- 1 liter of heavy cream - 500 grams of grated cheddar cheese ( aged if possible)
- 1 teaspoon of white pepper
- 1 teaspoon of dry mustard
- 1 tablespoon of Tabasco sauce
- 1 tablespoon of Worcester sauce
- 1 bottle of dark beer quality
Preparation:
- Open the bottle of beer and leave it aside
- In a large pot over low heat add the sliced ​​bacon .
- Do not brown the bacon , but just reduce fat.
- When two tablespoons of fat have been released and the bacon begins to be cooked add 4 tablespoons of butter.
- When the butter has melted, turn to low-medium heat and add the chopped onion and celery.
- When the onion begins to be translucent and celery tender , add 1 cup of flour.
- Cook for 2 to 3 minutes
- Add the chicken broth, one cup at a time, stirring until the mixture is thick and homogeneous .
- Add the second and third cup of chicken broth, stirring each time.
- This mixture should resemble to a thick sauce.
- Add 1/2 a liter of heavy cream , stir and then add the remaining heavy cream slowly and mix.
- Add the grated cheese by third into the soup, stirring until cheese is completely melted.
- Add Tabasco sauce, dry mustard, pepper, Worcestershire sauce , and stir until well blended .
- Slowly pour the beer, stirring
. Serve the soup immediately.

Pagan-pakwéjigan (bannock bread) 

           The pagan-pakwéjigan is the Algonquin term to designate the bannock hazelnut bread. Hazelnuts are cooked in the Indian tradition. Many Indian dishes contain nuts. In this recipe, the taste of hazelnuts is fairly discreet and it is a treat to eat the bread with jam or even to accompany other dishes like side bread. The bread is also good fried. Note that bannock bread has the advantage of a long shelf life in a cool, dry place.

For a dozen rolls
Ingredients:
- 1 cup of coarsely chopped hazelnuts
- 2 cups of water
- 1/3 cup of cornmeal
- 1 pinch of sea salt
- Cooking oil (optional) Preparation:
- In a saucepan, boil the nuts in water, stirring occasionally.
- Place a lid on the pan and add water if it evaporates quickly.
- Bake until the nuts are soft enough for beings crushed into an electric robot(about 30 minutes).
- In an electric robot, grind softened hazelnuts, then add the flour and continue to grind.
- The batter should be quite thick, but not too much.
- Make the dough so that it continues to thicken.
- In a hot pan (oiled if you wish), drop spoonfuls of dough to cook.
- Fry each side.
Eat them like hotcakes!

Fondue with maple syrup

At every time, you are sure to delight the gourmet with maple syrup . Serve fondue with seasonal fruits.
For 4 people
Preparation time : 15 minutes
Cooking time : 5 minutesIngredients:
- 500 mL (2 cups ) of maple syrup
- 1 can of condensed milk
- 15 Ml (1 tbsp. ) of Cornstarch
- 40 Ml ( 2 1/2 Tbsp. ) of crushed almonds
- Optional : fruit or biscuits ( strawberry, apples .... )Preparation:
- Bring maple syrup to a boil.
- Add the condensed milk , cornstarch previously diluted in cold water and almonds.

- Cook over low heat for five minutes and serve with fruit and biscuits.

History : Maple syrup is the sap, also called " sweet water " from the maple tree.

The sap is taken with a tap that is pressed in the tree ( a tap is a metal tool that extracts the liquid). There are two methods :
- Either there is a bucket under the tap and a person must pick it up to bring it to the sugar shack .

Or pipes are installed between the sugar shack and the tap to automatically collect the sap

Once in the sugar shack, the sap is heated by a boiler. Then, evaporation is used to transform the sugar syrup in water. The water circulates through a coil which will heat the water to its degree of harvest: 218 ° F (103 ° Celcius). 

Warning: 2 degrees warmer and the syrup will be too thick and will tend to crystallize like honey.

Adrien & Amaury

CANADA - Sports

1988 Olympic Games in Calgary

Officially recognized as the 15^th Winter Olympics Games, they were held in Calgary, Canada from the 13^th to the 28^th of February in 1988 . The Association of Calgary Olympic Development was created in 1957 to prepare as a proper candidate to host the 1964 Olympics and 1968, both without results. Calgary was awarded the 1988 Winter Games at its third nomination by defeating the cities of Falun in Sweden and Cortina Ampezzo in Italy. Canada hosted the Olympic Games for the second time after the Summer Games in 1976 in Montreal and, after eight nominations, its first Winter Games. All sites were located in Calgary to share the Nordic Canmero center, which hosted events and the Nakista station, which received the Alpine skiing competitions. The organizing committee was supported by contributions from the governments of Canada, the Province of Alberta and Calgary to fund the Games. With a broadcasting contract signed by a record amount with the American channel ABC they obtained a profit.

The organizing committee sold over a million and a half tickets for sporting events and ceremonies. This number far exceeded the amount of tickets sold during the previous Winter Games. Sales were open on September 30^th, 1986, and 77.3% of them in Alberta. Requests for tickets were very high for certain events and several controversies erupted during the distribution. Irregularities in sales in the United States by World Tickets were identified. James McGregor, manager of tickets and company owner, was then accused of fraud and theft.

During the Olympic Games, athletes held the Olympic flame when running games.

Biathlon : the 1988 Winter Olympic games took place in the Provincial Park between the 20^th and 16^th of February
Bobsleigh : The bobsleigh competition was held at National Park of Canada , Calgary, between the 20^th and 28^th of February 1988 .
Nordic combined : It took place in and around the National Park of Canada. It was the first time that the team was on the Olympic program. It is also the first time that the Gundersen method was used to convert points into seconds in the Olympic Games.
Ice Hockey :The Ice Hockey Winter Tournament in the Calgary Olympic Games was from the 13^th to the 28^th of February and was won by the USSR team.
Luge: The luge competitions for the 1988 Winter Olympic Games were held at the National Park of Canada in Calgary, between the 14^th and 19^th of February 1988 They were dominated by the Eastern Germany team, earning six medals, including three gold ones.
Figure Skating : Figure Skating Olympic Games were held from the 14th to the 27^th of February in the Olympic Saddledome and Corral Stampe, in Calgary, Canada

LUIS & IBRAHIM

CANADA - Street Art

Artcirq

           Artcirq is a collective of performers based in the circus field. It began in 1998 and was co-founded by a film production company and a Montreal acrobat. It was started as a way of engaging young people in meaningful activities in Igloolik, where many youth drop out of school and there is a high rate of suicides, particularly among young men . Artcirq is a nontraditional circus, a technical blending of modern circus arts.

         The team members have given performances all over the world, for example during the United Nations Conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen or some indigenous villages in Mexico, as well as sold-out performances in Paris .
Artcirq is the only Inuit circus in the world. Its performance at the Festival in the Desert 2008 Timbuktu is probably where the first Inuit artists entertained the crowds at the heart of the Sahara. The group has its roots in the Inuusiq theater( "life" in Inuktitut) . The band was formed in 1998 following the suicide of two young Igloolik . Suicide rates among Inuit youth are among the highest in the world and are ten times higher than the national average. Artcirq invests in their community to change these sad statistics .

Objectives

           Guillaume Saladin leads the group . He was trained at the prestigious National Circus School of Montreal . The unique creative process of Artcirq combines circus arts, live music, drama, media arts and styles of traditional and modern influences. In addition, Artcirq organizes workshops in Igloolik and other Arctic communities to enable Inuit youth to express their creativity , to produce works of their own and trust each other .
Artcirq attributes its success to holistic methods of research led by a community elder . All projects troops rooted knowledge of these cultural advisors. This modern form of storytelling serves to preserve their culture.

Activities

              Kaujjagjjuk (2004 ) was an inter-arts show ( juggling , acrobatics, throat singing, dancing, music), featuring more than twenty Igloolik children and teenagers.
In 2006 was the first short film of the group, " 4:07 ", and it was used by the Youth Council of Nunavut during the " Embrace Life " campaign to prevent suicide among young people.
During the 2010 season, Artcirq Kalabanté worked with a circus troop based in Montreal and Conakry , Guinea . Artists of both troops were trained and a show occurred in Igloolik , Montreal and in Guinea. It was the first African-Inuit circus . Production offered a mixture of Inuit and West African styles.
Artcirq's current producing is a new work based on an Inuit legend which combines traditional storytelling, video animation and live circus .
A second album is in progress, made in Igloolik , and showcases of local musicians are on the way.
Following a successful collaboration with the NAIP traditional Greenlandic folk dancers as part of the Inuit Circumpolar Council meeting of 2010 , held in Nuuk, Greenland , this troop was transported to the Canadian Arctic in 2011 to continue this collaboration.

Benefits

         Active members of the group serve as models for other young Igloolik ... They spend a lot of time with an increasing number of young people to inspire and guide them towards a better future according to Maren Vsetula , Vice- Interim President and Director of recreation in Ataguttaaluk High School.

"They are our pride and hope, especially in light of the social problems faced by indigenous communities in the North. "

- Brian Fleming, executive chief of the municipality of Igloolik

ALLAN & VALENTIN