JUNE - INDIA

 


India

Ce mois ci, pour leur dernière publication, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent en Inde. Ils vous font découvrir le Taj Mahal, la célèbre présidente Indira Ghandi, le cinéma avec l'actrice et miss Monde Aishwarya Rai, le sport de combat Kabaddi , et le célèbre chef d'orchestre Zubin Mehta.
C'est donc le dernier article de l'année scolaire et le dernier article pour cette équipe de rédaction. Nous remercions à nouveau tous les élèves pour ce travail d'investissement et à l'année prochaine avec une nouvelle équipe de rédacteurs.

Bonne lecture.

Miss Kahel

INDIA - Places

TAJ MAHAL

The TAJ MAHAL, which means the “palace of the Persian crown”, is located in Agra beside the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh, in India. Its a mausoleum. A mausoleum is a monument of great dimensions, of white marble, built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Arjumand Banu Begam who was known as Mumtaz Mahal, which in Persian means "the light of the palace”. She died on June 17^th, 1631 while giving birth to their fourteenth child. She was burried first on the site, in the gardens of Zainabad at Burhanpur. At his death on January 31^st, 1666, her husband was buried with her. The TAJ MAHAL is considered as a jewel of the Mughal architecture, a style that combines Islamic architectural elements, Iranian, Indian and Ottoman. This temple was built in 1631 and was completed in 1643. The state of Uttar Pradesh, which officially celebrated the 350^th anniversary of the building in 2004 says that the work was completed in 1654. Among the 20,000 people who worked on the site, you coulf find master craftsmen from Europe and Central Asia. It is considered that the main architect was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.

MOHAMED

INDIA - Famous People

An Indian president

   Indira Gandhi was born   
 on November 19th, 1917 in   
 Allahabad in the British 
 collony and  died
 on October 31st, 1984 at 
 the age of 66 in New Delhi
 She was of Indian  nationality.         
         Indira Gandhi was in her 

youth a spectator and some

times actress of some of the most famous episodes of the 

struggle for independence of India. Her early years were 

also marked by long stays abroad especially in 

Switzerland for the illness of her mother Kamala. 

She had frequent travels, but also  several stays in 

prison. She was married to Feroze Gandhi and had two 

children: Rajiv and Sanjay Gandhi later Rajiv Gandhi 

became president. When India gained independence, Nehru

 became head of government. At his side, Indira Gandhi 

gradually assumed responsibilities of state. She 

actively participated in the congress and was asked to 

take the Information ministry charge in 1964 at the 

death of her father. Two years later, after the 

untimely death of Lal Bahadur Shastri, the Prime 

Minister office was again vacant. Indira was the 

candidate who won the consensus against her rivals. 

Indira took part to the movement "Quit India" launched 

by Nehru on August 8th, 1942. The next day she was 

arrested and imprisoned and was freed eight months 

later. The end of the war marked the beginning of the 

Indian independence process. Nehru moved to Delhi, 

first as Vice-President of the Executive Board and then

 as Prime Minister on the 15th of August 1947, 

Independence Day in India. Indira, who lived in Lucknow,

 frequently visited her father that she helped settle, 

initially in a house of York Road and then after 

independence, in a house which would become the Teen 

Murti, the official residence of the head of 

gouvernement. The personal practice of power of Indira 

Gandhi and the accumulation of difficulties caused from

 1973 a developing challenge which crystallized around 

the Gandhian veteran Jayeprakash Narayan. The latter, 

supported by the opposition leaders, organized large 

protest rallies. It is in this context that on the 12th 

of June 1975 took place the invalidation of the 

election of Indira Gandhi in the Lok Sabha for electoral

irregularities. This judgment should compelled her to 

resignation, which prompted her to proclaim the state 

of emergency. Using Article 352 of the constitution, 

Indira Gandhi took dictatorial powers and performed a 

massive reduction in civil liberties, already initiated

 by the Law on prevention of illegal activities in 

December 1967. The leaders of rival parties were 

imprisoned and the electricity supply was interrupted 

in press offices and television stations.

Jimmy & Loick  

INDIA - Cinema

Aishwarya Rai

Aishwarya Rai Bachchan is an Indian actress and former model, she was born on the 1^st of November 1973 in Mangalore in the Indian state of Karnataka. Her mother is a writer and her father is a sea biologist.

During her youth, Aishwarya Rai attended dance classes and Indian classical music classes for five years, she made architectural studies in Raheja. She became a model to pay for her studies. Then she completely got interested in being a model and she made it her profession.

In 1994, she won the Miss World title, she became one of the most popular models in India. She is also the image of many international brands in the country, among which Coca-Cola or L'Oreal. She won an award for best actress although the film did not have a great success. It was not until 1998 that she knew her first great success with the movie Jeans, she was nominated for the film awards in India.

In 2005, Aishwarya Rai appeared in two films: Shabd, a Bollywood movie, and The Mistress of Spices, an international film, which were both commercial and critical failures.

In February 2011, she was invited with her husband at the Oscar ceremony. She interrupted her career at the birth of her daughter but many film proposals always reached her, suggesting a return onto movie sets. Indeed, at the end of 2014, she announced her return to Bollywood with two movies. In the first one, directed by Sanjay Gupta, and with Irrfan Khan as her partner; its release was scheduled for late 2015. The second one, directed by Karan Johar with Ranbir Kapoor, is scheduled for May 2016.

               Oscars 2014                    Oscars 2015                   Oscars 2011

Morgan Loup et Grégoire Hue <3

INDIA - Music

Zubin Mehta

 
Zubin Mehta was born into a family in Bombay on April 29^th, 1936. His father was a violinist called Mehli Mehta. Zubin first wanted to make medicine studies, but after two semesters on this way, he changed direction and studied music in Vienna in a school called Wierner Musikakademie. In 1958, he made, in the same city, his debut as a conductor. The same year he won the International Conducting Competition in Liverpool, leading to his appointment as assistant conductor of the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra.
Zubin Mehta soon became in charge of an symphonic orchestra when he was appointed music director of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra in 1960, a position he held until 1967. He then held the same position at the Los Angeles Philharmonic from 1962 to 1978 and the New York Philharmonic from 1978 to 1991, becoming with this job the longest lasting leader in the history of this orchestra: thirteen years. He conducted more than 1,000 concerts. It was under his leadership that was interpreted in 1978 Vladimir Horowitz's third concerto for piano and orchestra (Op. 30) by Sergei Rachmaninoff. He has also led the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra since 1968, first as a music consultant and then became artistic director for life in 1981. From 1993 to 2006 he was also the artistic director of the Bavarian State Opera in Munich.

In June 1994, the Symphony Orchestra and Choir of Sarajevo interpreted Mozart's Requiem under the baton of Zubin Mehta in the ruins of the National Library in Sarajevo. The funds raised on this occasion went to the victims of the Yugoslav conflict. On the 29^th of August 1999, he led the Second Symphony "Resurrection" by Mahler, near the Buchenwald concentration camp in the German city of Weimar, the Orchestra of the Bavarian State Opera and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, playing together. He toured his country and his city of origin, India and Mumbai, in 1984 with the Philharmonic Orchestra of New York, then in November-December 1994, with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, with soloists Itzhak Perlman and Gil Shaham. He was appointed Honorary Doctor of the Hebrew University, the University of Tel Aviv and the Weizmann Institute.
On 1 January 1990, 1995, 1998, 2007 and 2015, he had the honor of leading the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra during the traditional New Year's Concert.
Zubin Mehta is also an honorary member of the Club of Budapest. Since 1969, he has been married to Nancy Kovack.

Samuel.

INDIA - Sport

Kabaddi



The Kabaddi comes from South Asia, it was created there 

3 or 4 thousand years ago and is an amateur sport. 

There are also competitions in Japan and Iran.

The Kabaddi is a combat sport created in India, there are

two teams of seven players that occupies half of the 

playground of about 12.5 x 10 meters. Each team has 

five spare players. The matches are organized in 

sessions of twenty minutes each time, fifteen minutes 

for women, with a break of 5 minutes between the teams 

to change sides. A "raider" is sent on the side of the 

opponent, in turn. The défence must form a line, 

holding hands, if the chain is "broken” a team member 

must leave the field. A player must also quit the field

if he crosses the external ground lines except during 

a struggle with a raider. The opposing team earns a 

point for each opponent having to leave the field. 

Matches are organized according to the age and weight 

of the players, There are people who count points. 

There's also another version of Kabaddi called Punjabi,

this is a game where you are playing in a circle, in 

the circle there is a single raider who runs to four 

opponents. In order to beat one player, you have to run

faster on his side. If an opponent beats the raider and

earns, points returns to his team, they each play a 

turn, the first round is worth one point and a half to 

avoid a draw.


Virtually all Indian students have practiced Kabaddi at

school because it was an easy sport that can be 

practiced anywhere, even in a wasteland.

Morgan D. & Dylan

Australia

Ce mois ci, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent en Australie. Ils vous font découvrir la ville de Sydney et son célèbre Opéra en forme de voilier, le célèbre bandit Ned Kelly, le cinéma avec l'acteur Julian MacMahon, le pilote de Formule 1 Mark Webber, les recettes d'une salade fraiche au saumon, des steaks de Kangourou au thym et au miel et la célèbre Pêche Melba, les animaux symboliques comme le Kangourou et l'Ornithorynque et sans oublier l'art Aborigène.

Bonne lecture.

Miss Kahel