Ireland

          Ce mois ci, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent en Irlande. Ils vous font découvrir la mystérieuse ville de Belfast et le Chateau de Dublin, des personnalités telles que Bobby Sands, le groupe de musique Cranberries, l'acteur Pierce Brosnan ou le joueur de foot John Aldridge.  Ils vous parlent du légendaire Finn Mac Cool, d'animaux typiques comme le setter Irlandais ou le mouton de Galway pour toujours terminer en gourmandise avec nos recettes, cette fois ils vous parlent du Chocolate and Potato cake et de l'Irish Stew.

Bonne lecture.

Melle Kahel

Ireland - FAMOUS CITY

Belfast

Ireland: Belfast is the main capital of Northern Ireland and an Irish province. Belfast is situated on the northeast coast of the island of Eire . The city is surrounded by a series of hills. Since 1888, Belfast has officially a city status.

Belfast has been occupied by English and Scottish settlers, which did not fail to create tensions with the native population who rebelled in 1641. The French also established there in order to make the linen trade .

World War II :
Belfast was one of the largest cities in the United Kingdom to be bombed by German forces. Basically, the British government had estimated that Northern Ireland would be safe from the bombing due to its distance from Germany and therefore the island was not protected against the attack: some shelters were built and some guns that had Dublin were sent to protect it. Belfast was targeted because of its importance for the construction of war materials.

Tourism:
Since the first coalition government elected in 1999 , and the cease -fire of Ireland in 2005, tourism is a booming sector in Belfast. In ten years, the number of visitors increased from 1.5 million to over 9 million in 2011. Do not miss the Botanical Park and its beautiful greenhouse and in all the pubs are often played traditional music

Museums :
No need to rush in history museums : In Belfast, episodes of civil war were written on the walls. And unhealed scar now attract tourists, the partition wall. Each year, there are more than three million to participate in one of the many "tours" dedicated to the war. With the main attraction, the "murals" partisan frescoes covering the facades of houses or walls that separate , even today the Catholic and Protestants parts of the city.

The Titanic
The Titanic was built in Belfast from 1909 to 1912, the construction will take a period of 3 years. The Titanic was the largest passenger ship in the world. It was failed by hitting an iceberg on April 14, 1912.

Marine & Rémy

Ireland - FAMOUS PLACES

Dublin 's castle

Dublin Castle was the seat of British power in Dublin, the capital of united Ireland until 1922 . Most buildings date from the eighteenth century, though a castle stood on this site from the time of John of England ( 1167-1216 ) . The castle was the seat of the British government in Ireland from 1171 to 1922 .

History

It performed many functions over the centuries . It was mainly the royal residence where the Lord Lieutement of Ireland remained, representing the British crown. The Viceregal Apartments, now called State Apartments, are the place of inauguration of the President . The Chief Secretary for Ireland, the second in the government, also had his offices at the castle. Over the years, the parliament and the court stood a moment in this area before settling in suitable buildings.

It also served as military barracks .

During the British occupation of Ireland, the term " Castle Catholic " was a pejorative term applied to a Catholic who supported the British administration.

Castle Guards (early 20^th century).

In 1907, the Irish crown jewels , that were in the castle, were stolen .

During the Anglo- Irish War , the castle was the heart of UK efforts against Republicans. During the night of Bloody Sunday in 1920 , two officers of the IRA and their friends were killed trying to escape.

The castle ceased to be used by the government in 1922, when Ireland became an independent state. For some time it served as court since Four Courts had been destroyed in 1922. When the court changed, the castle was used for ceremonies . It is here that Eamon de Varela received ambassadors. Investitures of presidents all took place at the castle from 1945, the last being on November 11, 2011 with Michael D. Higgins.

The castle is nowadays a tourist attraction , having been renovated , it is now used as a conference center. During the Irish Presidency of the European Union, it was the scene of several meetings of the European Council.

The crypt of the Royal Chapel is now an arts center where concerts are held occasionally. The buildings are open to the public except during official ceremonies. The most visited places are St. Patrick 's Hall, a large ballroom, which hosts investitures, the Throne Room where you can see a throne of William III of England and viceroy apartments which include rooms used by viceroys or by members of the royal family. The last person to have slept in one of these rooms is Margaret Thatcher who spent a night in 1979 during a meeting of the European Council.

Towers of Dublin Castle

The Record Tower, erected in 1258, is the oldest vestige to have been left unchanged. The rest of the castle has evolved over the centuries to a neoclassical style, because of fires that devastated the wings of the fortress (1670, 1684). Sir William Robinson ordered the construction of two courtyards: the Upper and Lower Yard.

In 1812, the Octagonal Tower was added to the construction. It is a turn based style of the Record Tower, whose size, much smaller, serves to emphasize the Romanesque past influences of the castle.

In the twentieth century the Bermingham Tower, south-west tower of the castle was improved, in order to push its neo-Gothic accents.

Over the years, Dublin Castle has welcomed within its walls great personalities, and still is to this day the place of political ceremonies. For example the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 which was also held in the castle.

STATUE OF JUSTICE

As early as 1500, laws change and people not respecting them are imprisoned in Dublin's Castle, they are severely punished or even killed.

The statue is showing its back to the city of Dublin as an insult to the Irish. She looks at her sword as she held in the other hand the balance representing the balance and justice meaning that justice in Ireland is more a matter od violence than real justice since the scales are always unbalanced due to the rust and rain.

Over time, it became the logo of the tax administration in Ireland.

Amaury & Adrien

Ireland - FAMOUS PEOPLE 1

BOBBY SANDS

Bobby Sands was born in Abbots Cross, an area of Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland. Born into a Catholic family, he lived in Abbots Cross with his parents, John and Rosaleen, and his two sisters, Marcella (born April 1955) and Bernadette (born November 1958) until 1960, when the family was forced to move to Rathcoole, Newtownabbey. In 1962 was born the youngest of the family, John. Bobby Sands quickly left school and became an apprentice coachbuilder. Following death threats, he abandoned his apprenticeship and joined forces with the IRA.

Bobby Sands joined forces with the IRA in 1972, before the end of the year, in October, he was arrested and imprisoned until 1976 for possession of four firearms in his home.

Upon his release, he returned to his family and lived in Twinbrook, west Belfast. Bobby quickly became a leading activist in his community. He remained free one year. He was arrested with three of his companions, Joe McDonnell, Seamus Finucane and Sean Lavery, in a car, in possession of a gun as they tried to flee immediately after the bombing of the Balmoral Furniture Company in Dunmurry, and a gun battle between the IRA and the RUC. At his trial in September 1977, the accusation of involvement in the attack was abandoned for lack of evidence. He was nevertheless convicted for possession of the weapon, which was used, according to prosecutors, in the shooting, and sent to prison for a period of 14 years.

He was imprisoned in the Maze prison which was called Long Kesh by Republicans. And he died after a hunger strike of 66 days in the Maze Prison.

Murat & Erton

Ireland - FAMOUS PEOPLE 2

Finn Mac Cool

Finn mac Cumaill (formerly Finn or Find Mac Cumail or sometimes pronounced " Finn mac Cool") is a legendary warrior. The stories of Finn and his companions are mainly narrated by the son of Finn, a warrior and poet.
The name Fionn or Finn is actually a nickname meaning " blond (in reference to the color of his hair), beautiful, gold and good race, but also " white, whiteness , purity".

His name was Deimne in his childhood, and according to many legends he changed his name when his hair turned white early. Finn Mc Cool is a historical man.

His mother Muirne left the child under the protection of Bodhmall, a warrior, who raised him in the secret forest of Sliab Bladma, teaching him the art of war and hunting. Growing up he secretly offered his services to local kings. When they discovered that he was the son of Cumhal, they asked him to leave, fearing not being able to protect him from their enemies.

The young Finn met a poet near the river who became his guardian. Finegas - also called Finneces- had spent seven years trying to capture the one who'd eat first the flesh of this fish into possession of all the world's knowledge. He eventually caught it, but it was Finn who first swallowed a piece of flesh by accident, sucking his thumb burned by cooking water. He discovered then how to revenge Goll, and was after able to access the knowledge of the salmon by sucking his thumb.

Finn Mac Cummail was a fearless warrior who liked to fight.

Finn claimed his inheritance
Finn arrived at Tara, armed with a skin bag containing the magical weapons of his father, He kept awake by pricking with the point of his own spear, and then killed Aillen. After that, his legacy was recognized and he took the lead after Goll had withdrawn himself, and had chosen to follow faithfully Finn, although in many stories their alliance is unstable and marked by quarrels.
Finn asked compensation for the death of his father - due to Tadg - by threatening a war or fight a duel if he refused. Tadg offered him Almu Hill, his home in compensation and Finn agreed.

Love life

Finn met his famous wife Sadbh, while hunting. She had been transformed into a hound. Finn, Bran and Sceolang, who had also been men before, felt it was human, and Finn spared it. She transformed back into a gorgeous woman. After their marriage, she fell pregnant fast. However, Iron Doirich resurfaced , transforming her again into a stag , and Sadbh disappeared. Seven years passed before Finn found his son.

In one of the most famous stories of the cycle, the supreme king of Ireland promised to Finn his older daughter, but Gráinne fell in love with another, Fianna, and the couple fled with their Finn kits. Lovers were helped by the father- Diarmud. Thereafter, Finn forgave the couple. Years later, however, Finn invited Diarmuid to a boar hunt, in which Diarmuid was severely injured by a bewitched boar. Finn, having the power to heal whoever he wanted, made him drink water from his hands. Finn took water, but deliberately let it flow before reaching the mouth of his rival. Under the pressure of Oisín and his little son , he was forced to give water to Diarmuid , but it was too late to prevent him from dying.

Allan.

Ireland - MUSIC

THE CRANBERRIES

The Cranberries is an Irish rock band from Limerick, popular in 1990. Although the group did not officially split, its members announced in 2003 that they would focus some time solely on their solo careers. After more than six years of absence, the group returned to the front of the scene in late 2009 with a U.S. and European tour which lasted until autumn 2010. The band sold over 38 million records worldwide.

In 1989 Noel Hogan and Mike Hogan, two brothers from a suburban area, formed a band with the drummer Fergal Lawler, a childhood friend. Initially, the singer and songwriter of the group was one of their friends, Niall Quinn, he directed the group to parody rock with songs like My Granny Drowned in a Fountain in Lourdes, I Was Always All Ways or Down Throw Me in a Big Stair. It was also he who decided to baptize the band " The Cranberry Saw Us" because, delivered quickly, it sounded like cranberry sauce, a typical accompaniment of the Thanksgiving meal.

At that time , the group repeated on the weekends and their fame was limited to a handful of people in Limerick. In 1990, Nial Quinn decided to join another group because he considered that Cranberry lacked of future plans. Before leaving, Quinn said to the band the name of a classmate of his girlfriend who could replace him: Dolores O'Riordan. Fame wasn't long after that.

In 2003, the Cranberries announced their decision to take a little time to pursue each individual careers. Dolores O'Riordan recorded a solo album released in 2007: Are You Listening, and Noel Hogan a guitar album, including notably two songs launched in November 2004 on the European iTunes music download service under the name "Mono Band." On the other hand, Dolores O'Riordan sang the title song of the film The Passion of the Christ and composed a song for the film Evilenko with Malcolm McDowell. She sang in 1997 God Be with You credits of the film The Devil's Own with Harrison Ford and Brad Pitt.

The composition of the group has never changed and has four members, all from around Limerick.

Zombie was recorded at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin, Ireland in 1994. It was written during the Cranberries' English Tour in 1993 in memory of two boys, Jonathan Ball and Tim Parry, who were killed by the Provisional IRA in the bombings of Warrington, March 20, 1993. The song won the MTV European Music Award in 1995. In 2011, the Swedish-Congolese singer Mohombi took up the chorus of the title, where he replaced the word Zombie by Mohombi. Mohombi declared that he chose the song Zombie because in his native country he has known war and several members of his family died. To honor his family, he took over this song.

Enzo & Quentin

Ireland - CINEMA

Pierce Brosnan

Pierce Brosnan is an actor and producer, he was born on the 16^th of May 1953 in Drogheda , Ireland. He is known for playing the role of James Bond in four films : Golden Eye , Tomorrow Never Dies, The World Is Not Enough and Die Another Day. He is the fifth player to have played the role of James Bond. The enormous success of these adventures enabled him to pursue his career in Hollywood, California with films like Mars Attack and the remake of the Thomas Crown Affair

  Pierce Brosnan had a difficult childhood. Only child of Thomas and May Brosnan (née Smith), he grew up in County Meath , where he went to a religious institution run by the Brothers of the Hall. His father left home in 1964 . His mother then moved to London, England.

  She divorced his father and remarried to an English veteran of the Second World War, William Carmichael , who quickly took the role of a father to Pierce then aged 12. He went to Elliot School, a modern public school in Putney in West London. When he went to school, he was nicknamed ' Irish '. Once school finished, he wanted to be an artist and began training in commercial illustration at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design. At the age of 16 , he played the fire-eater in the street, he was noticed by an hiring circus agent. For three years, he trained as an actor at the London's Drama Center.

His career

After graduation , Brosnan got a job in 1975 at the York Royal Theatre , making his first appearance on stage in one night. In the space of six months, playwright Tennessee Williams noticed him for the role of McCabe in the British premiere of the play The Red Badge of Honour. He obtained his first major role. His performance caused a sensation in London. Brosnan has also retained the telegram sent by Williams simply saying "Thank God for you, my dear boy ."
The Investigations of Remington Steele

Poor Laura Holt may well have all the talent in the world in terms of private detective, there's not a customer wanting to give her a deal. She decides to invent an imaginary boss man to gain credibility with the public. She calls him Remington Steele, which will soon incarnate, after a misunderstanding in the flesh by a crook who does not lack charm and humor! Pierce Brosnan was hired to play the crook and this was the beginning of his carreer and fame in the USA.

James Bond

The first report with Brosnan as James Bond begins with the visit he makes to his wife Cassandra Harris on the set of For Your Eyes Only. Acccording to a 1986 report, Albert Broccoli said that " if he can play ... that's my man " to replace the James Bond Roger Moore. It was reported during the same period , both by Entertainment Tonight and the National Enquirer that Brosnan was thought to t succeed. And indeed, he has become one of the most favourite James Bond of all times after Sean Connery.

Théo & Océane

Ireland - ANIMALS

The Irish Setter

The Irish setter excels well in both woods and marshes or in plain and it weighs between 18 and 29 Kg. It can be 55-67 cm tall.

It has long hair, an undercoat in winter, its color is fire red, it has hazel eyes, droopy ears and a long bushy tail.

It is very active, playful, affectionate, supports very little solitude.

The setter takes its Irish name from the late eighteenth century and this for a reason: the awareness on the land they had acquired by a long confrontation with a difficult game in open spaces but with its sense of smell and hearing it allows it to find his game quickly.

The Galway sheep

The Irish Galway sheep is an ordinary domestic sheep. Galway is in western Ireland. It is a white faced sheep, a characteristic bob of wool on the head and wool on the legs. The outer lips are dark and dark spots on the ears are common. The average size is 1m45.

Dylan & Clement

IRELAND - Food

Chocolate Potato Cake.

For a potato chocolate cake you must take (for 8 people):

200 grams of flour,
75 grams of sugar,
50 grams unsalted soft butter ,
50 grams of unsweetened cocoa powder plus a little to line the molds ,
60 grams of milk,
4 eggs ,
60 grams of potatoes,
1 packet of baking powder ,
½ vanilla bean ,
1 small pinch of salt.

For the chocolate icing :

100 grams of cream,
100 grams of covering chocolate ,
1 small domed teaspoon of butter.
A can of icing sugar for decoration (optional)

* In a large pot of boiling water, cook potatoes, washed, peeled and cut into small dice. Drain and mash.

* Preheat oven to 180 °C. Line the mold. Begin with butter then add the bitter cocoa powder for lining (This avoids big white streaks of flour on a chocolate cake )

* In a small saucepan, heat the milk over low heat in which you put the half vanilla bean that has been cut in half lengthwise .

* Once the milk is hot (it should not boil ) turn off the heat and leave to infuse the vanilla pod for 10 to 15 minutes. Remove and reserve the milk.

* In a bowl, mix all sieved powders (flour, unsweetened cocoa , baking powder ) and salt

* In another bowl , vigorously beat the butter and sugar until the mixture becomes smooth. Add the eggs one by one, beating between each incorporation .

* Then gradually add the powders (not all at once, compact pieces would form . Alternate powder and vanilla milk)

* Then add mashed potatoes. The texture should be much denser than in a classic chocolate cake.

* Pour the mixture into the mold or molds and bake for 30 minutes. The cake is ready when a knife dipped in his heart dry spring.

* Meanwhile, prepare the chocolate frosting. In a saucepan, gently heat the cream with the chocolate. Mix well and when the chocolate is melted, remove from heat, add butter and mix again.

* Remove the cake from the oven and let cool before unmolding. Once unmolded the cake, cover the chocolate icing and store ten minutes in the refrigerator.

Beef Irish Stew

1 kg of sirloin beef cut into stew
250 g of sliced ​​carrots
1 kg of onion rings
3 bay leaves
2 c. tablespoons of flour
150 ml of Guinness beer
1 c. tablespoons of chopped parsley
2 c. of oil table

* Preheat oven to th.3 / 4 (140 º C).

* Heat oil in a pan, fry the bay leaves (closing with a lid because of splashing).

* Add the meat, let it brown all sides, until the meat is cooked in half. Add the onions, fry until everything is golden brown.

Mélanie & Océane M 

Ireland - SPORT

John William Aldridge 

The nationality of John William Aldridge of Irish from the Republic Of Ireland
The birth of John William Aldridge is September 18th, 1958
The place is Liverpool (England)
He played as a Forward striker for Liverpool.

He is a football player who has changed position as a Forward player and born in England, he defended the colors of the selection.

Football Carreer

His first professional club was Newport country in 1986. He won the Cup in the league with Liverpool FC but soon John Aldridge, already 28 years old, signed for his departure for the Juventus.

He played in several country clubs like Newport 1979-1984 and scored 213 passes (90 goals). From 1984 to 1987 he scored 141 passes (90 goals) and from 1987 to 1989 Liverpool he scored 104passes (63 goals) Between 1989 and 1991 he played for the Real Sociedad and scored 75 passes (40 goals) Between 1991 and 1989 he played for the Tranmere Rovers.

His first professional club was Newport Country in 1986. He won the league with Oxford United.
During the 1987-1988 season, Aldridge took over from Ian Rush in the team managed by Kenny Dalglish and scored 26 goals for Liverpool, who won the championship of England and faced in the final of the FA team cup the Wimbledon Football club. Aldridge missed a shot on a goal , which had never happened before in a Cup final at Wembley and Wimbledon won 1-0. In 1988-1989 Liverpool faced Everton in the Cup, Aldridge opened the scoring before being replaced by Rush who added two more goals late in the game. Liverpool accepted an offer from the then vice-champion of Spain, and Aldridge evolved during two seasons in the Basque club. His efficiency can not be denied since he scored 16 goals in 1989-1990 and 17 the following year, during which he was only surpassed by Emilio Butragueño the scorer . Aldridge finished his career in second division Tranmere , where he scored 40 goals in 1991-1992 equaling the club record. He became a player-coach in 1996 before hanging up his boots two years later. After the relegation of Tranmere in 2001, John Aldridge resigned as a coach to become a consultant

The Irish Team

Although he was born in England, John Aldridge was eligible to play in the Irish team through an Irish grandparent. They were part selected by Jack Charlton to participate in the Europe 1988 Championship, but, despite reinforcements, Ireland was eliminated in the first round of the championship. Aldridge was in the Irish selection that reached the quarter -finals of the 1990 World Cup. At the 1994 World Cup he was 35 years old and was used as a substitute by coach Jack Charlton . He entered late in the game and reduced the score against Mexico, who won 2-1 . Nevertheless, the Irish still passed the first round at the expense of Italy, before failing in 8th finals to the Netherlands. With a total of 19 goals John Aldridge remains to this day one of the best scorers in the Irish selection.

Luis & Ibrahim

                           Scotland

          Ce mois ci, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent en Ecosse. Ils vous font découvrir Le Chateau d'Edimbourg et le Palais d'Holyrood, des personnalités telles que le politicien Alex Salmond, la chanteuse Amy MacDonald ou le joueur de tennis Andy Murray. Ils vous parlent du célèbre film Braveheart, de football en Ecosse, du célèbre Monstre du Loch Ness, du spectacle militaire du Tattoo qui se passe tous les ans en Aout sur l'esplanade du chateau d'Edimbourg et enfin, pour les recettes, ils vous parlent du Haggis et du chocolate and caramel shortbread millionaire. 

Bonne lecture.

Melle Kahel

Scotland - FAMOUS PLACES

Edinburgh Castle

The Edinburgh castle was built in the XIIth century, in Scotland. At the death of Alexander III in 1286, the throne of Scotland became free. King Edward I of England took the throne and invaded Scotland, creating the

First War of Scottish Independence. On the death of King Edward in 1307, the English power over Scotland weakened considerably. The castle's defenses were destroyed on March 14th, 1314 under the attack of Robert the Bruce. King Edward III of England invaded Scotland in 1333, marking the beginning of the second war of independence of Scotland. The British forces therefore fortified Edinburgh Castle and they held until 1341. The ultimate attack in Scotland was led by William Douglas. The operation was a great victory for the Scots and the castle returned to a great relief to them. The Treaty of Berwick concluded the wars of independence and gave the chance to King David II to start an extensive reconstruction project for Edinburgh Castle. The castle saw its primary function slowly drift into a warehouse of weapons and war materiel. At various times, it suffered several attacks and damages. During the 1720s, major buildings were added to the castle, among which the northern and western bastion. Subsequently, several other buildings were added to the structures to imprison prisoners of different wars in the world. The castle is still nowadays a military place and every year in August, the soldiers have their parade on the esplanade. The show is famous all over the world and is called the Tattoo.

Holyrood Palace

Has been the house of the monarchs of Scotland since the fifteenth century. Many kings of Scotland stayed in the palace. Holyrood became a royal residence. Between 1498 and 1501, James IV built a new building. The palace was built around a square courtyard. Inside the palace were among others a chapel, the royal apartments and a large bathroom. The chapel occupies the northern part of the courtyard, while the queen's apartments were in the south wing. The western part housed the apartments of the king and the palace entrance. It was in this tower thatMary Stuart lived. The apartments contain an audience chamber and the chamber of the queen. It is in the north room on the 9^th of March 1566 that took place the murder of David Rizzio, best friend of the queen. Mary's husband was so jealous that he ordered his friends to stab him with daggers. He was stabbed 56 times. Later, the palace was burnt when troops of Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland. Nowadays, it is still the official palace of Queen Elizabeth II and she has garden parties there every summer. 

Mélanie

Scotland - PEOPLE

Alex Salmond

                Alex Salmond was born on the 31st of December 1954. He became the leader of the SNP (Scottish National Party) in 1990 and based his policy on the independence of Scotland.

                 Salmond was elected by the Scottish Parliament as First Minister on the 16th of May 2007, and was sworn in on the 17th of May after receiving the Royal Warrant from the Queen and taking the official Oath of Allegiance before judges at the Court of Session. Under the section 45 of the Scotland Act of 1998, he became replaced by Angus Robertson for the circonscription of Gordon, in the North of Aberdeen.

                On the 10th of January 2012, he decide to propose to the Scottish people a referendum to know if Scotland is ready or not to have at last its independence.

Marine & Remy

Scotland - MUSIC

Amy Macdonald

Amy Macdonald is of Scottish origin, born in Glasgow in 1987 on August 25^th . She discovers her talent at the age of 12 after listening to the albums of Travis, she often takes the guitar from her father to learn to play their songs. She becomes a self-taught musician.

She wrote, in one of her first texts on the fanaticism of her sister about Ewan McGregor. She was on stage at 13 with a group of musicians who came to her school to learn music , they gave a concert in Glasgow.
She quit school at 16 years old after a show of Pete Doherty, and the next day she took her guitar and wrote her first song “This is the life” , the first release met a great success . The title of the song is also the title of her album. The album was a great success and sold more than three million copies around the world. It thus remained 754 consecutive weeks in the charts of 17 countries among whose France and in Great Britain she became n°1 .

In February 2008 , Amy Macdonald began a tour that began in August in the united Kingdom and in Ireland, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the United States and Spain . Besides, she participated in several festivals including the Glastonbury Festival in June.

In spring 2009, Amy Macdonald started the writing of her second album entitled “A Curious Thing”. The album was released on March 8^th , 2010. It included the title “Do not Tell Me That It's Over” that became the first single, followed by “Spark”, “This Pretty Face”, “Love” and “Your Time Will Come”. The album, even if it was less successful than its predecessor, was well received by the public and still sold a million copies worldwide.

Amy Macdonald started working on her third album in early 2011 and the announcement was made at the end of the year.
In late November, we learned that Amy Macdonald contributed to an album for “Save the Children”. She performed the song “I Only Want to Be With You” by Dusty springflied ,

Dylan & Clément

Scotland - CINEMA

BRAVEHEART

The plot of the film (spoiler's alert)

The films starts like this: Edward I of England , nicknamed Longshanks

(" leggy ") , occupies a large part of Southern Scotland . His oppression leads to the deaths of the father and brother of the young William Wallace.

Years later, after Wallace has been raised abroad by his uncle, Scotland continues to live under the cruel laws of Edward I . Wallace returns with the intention of living as a farmer and avoiding any involvement in the unrest in the country.

He finds his friend and childhood sweetheart Murron MacClannough, to which he shows a thistle, carefully preserved, she had given him when they were children . The two young people marry in secret to avoid the decree of the king “primae noctis”. Later, when an English soldier bullies Murron and tries to rape her, Wallace rescues her . He helps her to ride away. But she is finally captured, and the sheriff cuts her throat in public, proclaiming "an attack against the soldiers of the king is like an attack against the king himself ." In retaliation, Wallace and villagers massacre the English garrison and Wallace cuts the throat of the sheriff on the place where he has killed Murron and with the same dagger. So begins the quest of Wallace for the independence of Scotland.

When Edward I hears the news of the rebellion of Wallace, he supports his son, also named Edward , to marry Isabella of France but the son doesn't care about her because he is homosexual.

Meanwhile, Wallace and his troops multiply the strikes and new forces join him as his fame grows more and more . Wallace inflicts a crushing defeat to the English army at the Battle of Stirling . He then sacks the city of York.

Wallace is also seeking the support of Robert Bruce , a solid pretender to the throne of Scotland, but this one, despite his admiration for Wallace, is heavily influenced by his father, who urges him to support Wallace officially while secretly remaining close to the English king.
Edward I sends Princess Isabella to negotiate peace with Wallace. He refuses the gold that is offered in exchange for his submission and makes ​​a strong impression on Isabella , who was expecting to meet a barbaric blood-thirsty peasant and not a well-read and grown man . She tells him that Edward is preparing a surprise attack against Wallace , Isabella warns him of the danger and sleeps with him.

Wallace tries to unite the Scottish nobles against the English, but on the battlefield of Falkirk, he is betrayed by the nobles Mornay and Lochlan . The Scots are defeated and Wallace discovers that Robert Bruce was in the English staff. However, he refuses to kill him and Bruce, seized with remorse, allows him to escape capture. Wallace then kills Lochlan and Mornay in retaliation and now leads a guerilla against the English.

Robert Bruce is now eager to join forces with Wallace , but at a meeting held between the two, the father of Bruce and other Scottish nobles betray them. Wallace is captured and delivered to the English while Bruce disowns his father. Wallace is taken to London and is sentenced to death for treason.

Edward I is now seriously ill. Isabella comes to prison to see Wallace, offers him poison to escape the torture, but he refuses. Isabella tells the king, now unable to speak, that the child she is expecting is Wallace's and promises to put an end to his lineage.

Wallace suffers a terrible public torture but refuses to implore the grace of the king. Instead of yelling " Mercy " to put an end to his torment , he screams "Freedom" and he is then beheaded.
Years later, Robert Bruce refuses to submit to an English army, and invoking the memory of Wallace, he leads the Scots to victory at the Battle of Bannockburn , ensuring the independence of Scotland.

Filming information

While filming, the team spent six weeks in Scotland. However, the main battle scenes were filmed in Ireland, with the participation of reserve members of the Irish army. On this occasion, they were granted the right to exceptionally grow a beard. To underestimated costs, Mel Gibson used the same extras to play soldiers on both sides. The number rose to 1,600 extras for some scenes.
Box Office

Braveheart reported a total of $ 210,409,945 at the worldwide box office (including $ 75,609,945 in the USA only) , ranking thirteenth-largest film hit in 1995. In France , he realized 1,231,534 entries. He is currently the 456th most successful film in the history of cinema

End of Life of the real hero

William Wallace had to relinquish his title of guardian of the kingdom between July and December 1298. After leaving the country for 6 years , William Wallace returned to Scotland where he resumed his life as an outlaw. He was captured near Glasgow in 1305 by the men of Sir John Menteith, the keeper of Dumbarton Castle, who, like most Scottish nobles, had made his submission to the king of England.
William Wallace was transferred to London on the 22^nd of August 1305 and was sentenced to death for high treason against his sovereign. On Monday, August 23^rd , 1305 he was taken in procession on a horse to Westminster Hall and executed ( Hanged , drawn and quartered ) at the age of 33 years old. William Wallace was put to death in atrocious conditions reserved for traitors, dragged by horses through the several miles from Westminster to the Tower of London and thence to Algate half hanged, drawn and set fire to his womb . He was finally beheaded, then cut into pieces.
But instead of destroying the spirit of liberty among the Scots , the execution quickened the Scottish nationalist sentiment, and other men prepared to fight against England, especially Robert the Bruce . In 1314 , the Scots , under the command of Robert the Bruce, who was joined by nobles and proclaimed King of Scotland , defeated the English army at the Battle of Bannockburn , and ensured at the end of the war, the Scottish independence in 1328 .

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