lundi 15 juin 2015

JUNE - INDIA

 


India



Ce mois ci, pour leur dernière publication, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent en Inde. Ils vous font découvrir le Taj Mahal, la célèbre présidente Indira Ghandi, le cinéma avec l'actrice et miss Monde Aishwarya Rai, le sport de combat Kabaddi , et le célèbre chef d'orchestre Zubin Mehta.
C'est donc le dernier article de l'année scolaire et le dernier article pour cette équipe de rédaction. Nous remercions à nouveau tous les élèves pour ce travail d'investissement et à l'année prochaine avec une nouvelle équipe de rédacteurs.

Bonne lecture.


Miss Kahel

INDIA - Places

TAJ MAHAL



The TAJ MAHAL, which means the “palace of the Persian crown”, is located in Agra beside the Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh, in India. Its a mausoleum. A mausoleum is a monument of great dimensions, of white marble, built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Arjumand Banu Begam who was known as Mumtaz Mahal, which in Persian means "the light of the palace”. She died on June 17th, 1631 while giving birth to their fourteenth child. She was burried first on the site, in the gardens of Zainabad at Burhanpur. At his death on January 31st, 1666, her husband was buried with her. The TAJ MAHAL is considered as a jewel of the Mughal architecture, a style that combines Islamic architectural elements, Iranian, Indian and Ottoman. This temple was built in 1631 and was completed in 1643. The state of Uttar Pradesh, which officially celebrated the 350th anniversary of the building in 2004 says that the work was completed in 1654. Among the 20,000 people who worked on the site, you coulf find master craftsmen from Europe and Central Asia. It is considered that the main architect was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.



MOHAMED

INDIA - Famous People

An Indian president

   Indira Gandhi was born   
 on November 19th, 1917 in   
 Allahabad in the British 
 collony and  died
 on October 31st, 1984 at 
 the age of 66 in New Delhi
 She was of Indian  nationality.         
         Indira Gandhi was in her 
youth a spectator and some
times actress of some of the most famous episodes of the 
struggle for independence of India. Her early years were 
also marked by long stays abroad especially in 
Switzerland for the illness of her mother Kamala. 
She had frequent travels, but also  several stays in 
prison. She was married to Feroze Gandhi and had two 
children: Rajiv and Sanjay Gandhi later Rajiv Gandhi 
became president. When India gained independence, Nehru
 became head of government. At his side, Indira Gandhi 
gradually assumed responsibilities of state. She 
actively participated in the congress and was asked to 
take the Information ministry charge in 1964 at the 
death of her father. Two years later, after the 
untimely death of Lal Bahadur Shastri, the Prime 
Minister office was again vacant. Indira was the 
candidate who won the consensus against her rivals. 
Indira took part to the movement "Quit India" launched 
by Nehru on August 8th, 1942. The next day she was 
arrested and imprisoned and was freed eight months 
later. The end of the war marked the beginning of the 
Indian independence process. Nehru moved to Delhi, 
first as Vice-President of the Executive Board and then
 as Prime Minister on the 15th of August 1947, 
Independence Day in India. Indira, who lived in Lucknow,
 frequently visited her father that she helped settle, 
initially in a house of York Road and then after 
independence, in a house which would become the Teen 
Murti, the official residence of the head of 
gouvernement. The personal practice of power of Indira 
Gandhi and the accumulation of difficulties caused from
 1973 a developing challenge which crystallized around 
the Gandhian veteran Jayeprakash Narayan. The latter, 
supported by the opposition leaders, organized large 
protest rallies. It is in this context that on the 12th 
of June 1975 took place the invalidation of the 
election of Indira Gandhi in the Lok Sabha for electoral
irregularities. This judgment should compelled her to 
resignation, which prompted her to proclaim the state 
of emergency. Using Article 352 of the constitution, 
Indira Gandhi took dictatorial powers and performed a 
massive reduction in civil liberties, already initiated
 by the Law on prevention of illegal activities in 
December 1967. The leaders of rival parties were 
imprisoned and the electricity supply was interrupted 
in press offices and television stations.

Jimmy & Loick  

INDIA - Cinema

Aishwarya Rai

Aishwarya Rai Bachchan is an Indian actress and former model, she was born on the 1st of November 1973 in Mangalore in the Indian state of Karnataka. Her mother is a writer and her father is a sea biologist.

During her youth, Aishwarya Rai attended dance classes and Indian classical music classes for five years, she made architectural studies in Raheja. She became a model to pay for her studies. Then she completely got interested in being a model and she made it her profession.

In 1994, she won the Miss World title, she became one of the most popular models in India. She is also the image of many international brands in the country, among which Coca-Cola or L'Oreal. She won an award for best actress although the film did not have a great success. It was not until 1998 that she knew her first great success with the movie Jeans, she was nominated for the film awards in India.

In 2005, Aishwarya Rai appeared in two films: Shabd, a Bollywood movie, and The Mistress of Spices, an international film, which were both commercial and critical failures.

In February 2011, she was invited with her husband at the Oscar ceremony. She interrupted her career at the birth of her daughter but many film proposals always reached her, suggesting a return onto movie sets. Indeed, at the end of 2014, she announced her return to Bollywood with two movies. In the first one, directed by Sanjay Gupta, and with Irrfan Khan as her partner; its release was scheduled for late 2015. The second one, directed by Karan Johar with Ranbir Kapoor, is scheduled for May 2016.




               Oscars 2014                    Oscars 2015                   Oscars 2011


Morgan Loup et Grégoire Hue <3

INDIA - Music

Zubin Mehta

 
Zubin Mehta was born into a family in Bombay on April 29
th, 1936. His father was a violinist called Mehli Mehta. Zubin first wanted to make medicine studies, but after two semesters on this way, he changed direction and studied music in Vienna in a school called Wierner Musikakademie. In 1958, he made, in the same city, his debut as a conductor. The same year he won the International Conducting Competition in Liverpool, leading to his appointment as assistant conductor of the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra.
Zubin Mehta soon became in charge of an symphonic orchestra when he was appointed music director of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra in 1960, a position he held until 1967. He then held the same position at the Los Angeles Philharmonic from 1962 to 1978 and the New York Philharmonic from 1978 to 1991, becoming with this job the longest lasting leader in the history of this orchestra: thirteen years. He conducted more than 1,000 concerts. It was under his leadership that was interpreted in 1978 Vladimir Horowitz's third concerto for piano and orchestra (Op. 30) by Sergei Rachmaninoff. He has also led the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra since 1968, first as a music consultant and then became artistic director for life in 1981. From 1993 to 2006 he was also the artistic director of the Bavarian State Opera in Munich.


In June 1994, the Symphony Orchestra and Choir of Sarajevo interpreted Mozart's Requiem under the baton of Zubin Mehta in the ruins of the National Library in Sarajevo. The funds raised on this occasion went to the victims of the Yugoslav conflict. On the 29th of August 1999, he led the Second Symphony "Resurrection" by Mahler, near the Buchenwald concentration camp in the German city of Weimar, the Orchestra of the Bavarian State Opera and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, playing together. He toured his country and his city of origin, India and Mumbai, in 1984 with the Philharmonic Orchestra of New York, then in November-December 1994, with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, with soloists Itzhak Perlman and Gil Shaham. He was appointed Honorary Doctor of the Hebrew University, the University of Tel Aviv and the Weizmann Institute.
On 1 January 1990, 1995, 1998, 2007 and 2015, he had the honor of leading the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra during the traditional New Year's Concert.
Zubin Mehta is also an honorary member of the Club of Budapest. Since 1969, he has been married to Nancy Kovack.

Samuel.

INDIA - Sport

Kabaddi

The Kabaddi comes from South Asia, it was created there 
3 or 4 thousand years ago and is an amateur sport. 
There are also competitions in Japan and Iran.

The Kabaddi is a combat sport created in India, there are
two teams of seven players that occupies half of the 
playground of about 12.5 x 10 meters. Each team has 
five spare players. The matches are organized in 
sessions of twenty minutes each time, fifteen minutes 
for women, with a break of 5 minutes between the teams 
to change sides. A "raider" is sent on the side of the 
opponent, in turn. The défence must form a line, 
holding hands, if the chain is "broken” a team member 
must leave the field. A player must also quit the field
if he crosses the external ground lines except during 
a struggle with a raider. The opposing team earns a 
point for each opponent having to leave the field. 
 
 
 
Matches are organized according to the age and weight 
of the players, There are people who count points. 
There's also another version of Kabaddi called Punjabi,
this is a game where you are playing in a circle, in 
the circle there is a single raider who runs to four 
opponents. In order to beat one player, you have to run
faster on his side. If an opponent beats the raider and
earns, points returns to his team, they each play a 
turn, the first round is worth one point and a half to 
avoid a draw.
Virtually all Indian students have practiced Kabaddi at
school because it was an easy sport that can be 
practiced anywhere, even in a wasteland.



Morgan D. & Dylan

lundi 27 avril 2015

Australia


Ce mois ci, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent en Australie. Ils vous font découvrir la ville de Sydney et son célèbre Opéra en forme de voilier, le célèbre bandit Ned Kelly, le cinéma avec l'acteur Julian MacMahon, le pilote de Formule 1 Mark Webber, les recettes d'une salade fraiche au saumon, des steaks de Kangourou au thym et au miel et la célèbre Pêche Melba, les animaux symboliques comme le Kangourou et l'Ornithorynque et sans oublier l'art Aborigène.
Bonne lecture.



Miss Kahel

AUSTRALIA - Cities

Sydney

 Sydney is located in the southeast of Australia, in New South Wales, on of the southern states, on the shores of the Tasman Sea. With, in 2013, a population of 4,757,083 inhabitants on nearly 12,300 km², Sydney is the most populous city in Australia. Its inhabitants are called Sydneysiders, or Sydneyites.
Aboriginal settlement existed on the site for several millennia. Aborigines are the original inhabitants of Australia and produce particularly varied rock art, but they were decimated by the colonists and the diseases they brought to the island.

Sydney was founded in 1788.
It is James Cook who saw for the first time the site of the current Sydney. He named it Port Jackson in 1770 in honor of Sir George Jackson, one of the Commissioners of the British Admiralty Lords. In 1788, Captain Arthur Philip gave the place its current name (in honor of the British Home Minister Thomas Townshend, first Viscount of Sydney) that he had chosen to lead the prisoners and establish a penal colony for the convicts (prisoners) brought from Britain. Free settlers followed them and, from 1800 to 1850 their number increased steadily since they were attracted by the richness of New South Wales (gold rush).

The most visited site in Sydney is the Sydney Opera House with five rooms including a large concert hall. The Opera House was built in 1957, its construction lasted 16 years and it was inaugurated in 1973 by Queen Elizabeth II. It is also the 3rd most active company in the world, the monument is classified world heritage by the UNESCO.
Sydney has a subtropical climate, so it gets pleasant temperatures. There are many beaches located to the east of the city.

A high concentration of skyscrapers and other buildings (including historical buildings such as the Town Hall or the Queen Victoria Building) are interspersed with parks such as Wynyard Park and Hyde Park. Sydney is bounded on the east by a series of parks and public gardens that stretch from Hyde Park to Farm Cove at the edge of the bay, through the Royal Botanic Gardens. The western side is itself bounded by Darling Harbour, a popular tourist destination and mecca for nightlife while Central Station marks the southern limit of the city center. George Street serves as a main north-south lane of communication in the business district.



Guillaume & Loick

AUSTRALIA - Famous People

Ned Kelly

Ned Kelly was born in Beveridge Victoria (Australia) in December 1854 or June 1855 according to some historians. We do not know any more because at that time, in the Australian desert, it is often said that babies were declared several months after their actual birth. He was executed on November 11th, 1880 in Melbourne. Ned was sentenced to death and hanged. He was famous because he was described as a cold-blooded cop killer.

On March 9th , 2008, a team of Australian scientists claimed to have identified the place of execution. This was an old abandoned prison in Melbourne, numerous bones were discovered there in August 2011.

His father, John "Red" Kelly came from Ireland, he was sent to a prison in Australia as punishment because he stole pigs. He spent 7 years in prison and was then hired in a farm and married the daughter of the farmer. Together they had eight children, among whom, Ned.


At the age of 8 years old, Ned saved Richard Shelton from drowning, he had fallen into the waters of the "Hughes Creek" behind the small family farm. Ned was a very courageous young boy
The social context was difficult. In these remote and notoriously difficult land, landowners were protected by the police but there were many injustices against living farming populations. Many cattle or horses stealings were suspected.
The Kellys were never condemned until Ned's father, Red, was arrested for a fight with his neighbor over the ownership of a calf. Found innocent of theft, but guilty of having removed the mark on the skin of the nimal, he had the choice between a fine of twenty-five pounds or imprisonment of six months for forced labor. Without money to pay the fine, Red served his sentence in the Kilmore prison, with lethal consequences on his health. While Ned was only eleven and a half years old, he had to leave school when his father died in Avenel, on December 27th, 1866.

At 14, Ned was charged with assault and robbery on a Chinese worker, he was jailed for 10 days, but the charges against him were dropped. Ihe was however considered from that moment by the police as a bushranger (a bandit from the outback). The following year, in 1870, he was arrested and accused of being the accomplice of Harry Power, a horse thief, but he was released for lack of evidence. In 1871, he was arrested and charged with concealment of a mare "borrowed" by one of his friends. He said they did not know that the horse was stolen, but he was sentenced to 3 years in prison, he was only 16 years old.

During his imprisonment, his brothers Jim and Dan, 12 years old and 10 years old, were arrested with a horse that did not belong to them, yet paid by a farmer for which they had done some work, they spend a night in the cells before the misunderstanding was settled. Jim was again banned 2 years later for cattle theft, but not pursued by the owner, he was not condemned. When he came out of prison, Ned worked with George King, a Californian with whom his mother remarried later. Ned describe him as an intelligent horse thief. Ned and his family continued being suspected of theft and arrested quite regularly until his execution.

Anna & Chloé

AUSTRALIA - Cinema

Julian McMahon
 

Julian McMahon was born on July 27th, 1968 in Sydney, Australia. He is 46 years old. He was a model before becoming an actor. He was married to Dannii Minogue, Brooke Burns, with whom he has a daughter named Madison Elizabeth, born on June 9th, 2000. He also had a relationship with his partner in Charmed, Shannen Doherty, while ha was still married.
He is a big fan of the Australian beer and he is also an excellent cook. He is very athletic, he plays football, tennis, surfing and cycling. At the moment Julian McMahon has been married to Kelly Paniagua since June 2014.

He is passionate about the law. He studied it at the University of Sydney, but soon enough, Julian was spotted by a modeling agency which decided to hire him. At 17, after abandoning his law studies, he became a model and was noticed by a commercial for Levis jeans brand that allowed him to play in the Australian soap opera Summer Bay where famous actors such as Guy Pearce, Heath Ledger or Naomi Watts also made their debuts.

Discovering a new passion for acting, McMahon started a new carreer on the stage, performing both in Australia and the United Kingdom or the United States. If he appeared in a second time in teen movies such as Wet and Wild Summer or Magenta Thriller, it is on television that he was spotted and started to break into the business.

He then left to settle in Los Angeles. He joined the team in 1992 of the American soap Another World. With a brief participation in the comedy Will and Grace, the NBC network hired him for the role of inspector John Grant in the series Profiler and is was a success. In 2000, Aaron Spelling offered him the role of the demonic Cole Turner for three seasons in Charmed. It is this series that he was revealed to the public and the doors of the cinema were open for him.
In 2003, he reached the peak of his career by playing Christian Troy, a cynical and arrogant surgeon in Nip / Tuck, one of the most daring and best known of the decade TV series.


After this time he played the husband of Sandra Bullock in Prenomition, a fantastic movie that took place in a temporal space.

Julian Mcmahon then played the legendary Victor Von Doom aka Doctor Doom, who is a super villain in Marvel Fantastic Four (2005) and the Fantastic Four and the Silver Surfer (2007). Victor Von Doom was an American researcher who proposed a trip into space to Richard Reed.
Human

Discovery of his powers
Complete transformation


In 2010, he accepted to play in RED for the role of the US vice president with Bruce Willis and Morgan Freeman and in 2011, he played in a thriller Unknown Faces by the French director Julien Magnat, with Milla Jovovich.

Morgand L & Grégoire

AUSTRALIA - Sport

Mark Webber
He was born on August 27th, 1976 in Queanbeyan in Australia. He is an Australian racing driver who raced for the Formula 1 world championship from the 2002 season to 2013. He is now dedicated to endurance with Porsche. Having started on two wheels.
Mark Webber started his driving carreer in karting in 1991. In 1994, at the age of 18, he competed in the Formula Ford Championship of Australia and had good results which allowed him to make the great leap towards England. In 1996 for his second season, he finished second in the British Formula 1 Ford championship and won the Formula 1 Ford Festival at Brands Hatch, a sort of unofficial world cup of the specialty. In 1997 Mark Webber accessed to the renowned British Championship Formula 3. Despite good results, he soon found himself confronted with the lack of budget. During the summer he was at the point of having to end his career, when he received a providential assistance from David Campese, the Australian rugby legend. This support allowed him to finish fourth in the overall standings and to be spotted by Mercedes making of him one of their official drivers in the FIA ​​GT Championship for the 1998 season. Associated with Bernd Shneider, Webber won five races but lost in the championship behind the other Mercedes duo consisting of Klaus Ludwig and Ricardo Zonta. In 1999, Mercedes withdrew from the FIA ​​GT championship to concentrate its efforts on the 24 Hours of the Mans. During his participation in Le Mans, Webber failed to conclude, due to an aerodynamic defect, the Mercedes Benz CLR ended in a series of loops, during practice on the Saturday morning.

During the race, the Scottish driver Peter Dumbreck experienced the same misadventure on another car brand. Webber came out every time without the slightest injury.
Cooled by his experience at Le Mans, Webber decided to return to the classic racing. In 2000, he joined the team Fomula 3000 Eurobet Arrows. He was regarded as the junior driver of the Arrows F1 team, led by his compatriot Paul Stoddart. Mark Webber took a little time to find his endurance place, after more than ten years of absence in the discipline.

After the Formula 1 (Red Bull) at WEC (Porsche) in 2014, he won three podiums with the help of Timo Bernhard and Brendon Hartley, he began the 2015 season quite brilliantly, he also made his first laps in Formula1 as a test driver.

Third in the final standings in his first season in the discipline, Mark Webber appears as the revelation of the championship and became a test driver for Benetton Formula 1 at the end of the year 2014. This position was not in question when, a few months later, Renault bought Benetton. Flavio Briatore even took him under his wing into signing a long-term management contract.


Morgan D. , Matthieu and Dylan

dimanche 26 avril 2015

AUSTRALIA - Animals

Australian Animals

The Kangaroo

 The kangaroo is a Marsupial. Their female has a pouch, also called the marsupium in which she carries her baby after birth where it will continue to grow until it can get out of its mother's pouch. Legend has it that the kangaroo name would come as an error of understanding from Captain Cook. The Captain asked a resident of Australia the name of this animal. The man answered “kangaroo” which meant “I did not understand” and Captain Cook baptized the animal “kangaroo”.


The “kangaroo” name designates one of the members of the four largest living species: the red kangaroo, the giant kangaroo, the antelope kangaroo and gray kangaroo.



The Red Kangaroo:
Red kangaroos are the most famous males, measuring at least 1.80 m high, it can weigh up to 80kg. Females are smaller than the males and measure around 1.10 meters high and weigh 35kg. They live in groups.

The red kangaroo is the largest of all the kangaroo. It is found across mainland Australia, avoiding only the more fertile areas in the south, the east and the northern rainforests.
This is an omnivore or herbivore. They can remain 2 to 3 weeks without food, water feeds him enough for his needs.



The Giant Kangaroo:
The giant kangaroo is a marsupial widespread in southern and eastern Australia with a population of several millions.
These are herbivorous animals that live in wet meadows (unlike the red kangaroo that lives in areas bordering the desert) in the surroundings of agricultural fields (so it eats mainly grass).
These are animals that live at night and sleep during the day in holes dug in the ground and enjoy fresh hours of the night to feed. They live in small groups with an male that dominates several groups that can graze together.
The Gray Kangaroo:
The gray kangaroo is a great macropus across southern Australia. It looks great . In 1996 they were about 3 millions.
It feeds on grass but also bark, branches and tree roots. It is able to live with very little water.
It is a nocturnal animal that lives in bands of fifteen individuals.

Kangaroos in general have three predators: The dingo, snake, and poachers.


The Wallabies: it is the smallest of the kangaroos. It is herbivorous.
Females weigh 8 to 15 kg and males weigh 15 to 22 kg. Females are 50-75 cm high whereas males are 65-90 cm
high.

Kangaroos move with successive jumps and cant walk up to 4 or 5 km/h. Depending on the species, they can go as fast as 60km/h and can jump to a maximum of 7 meters long, with an maximum jump of 1,5 meter high.

Duck-billed Platypus


The platypus is a semi-aquatic animal. It lives mainly in Eastern Australia. Only mammal that lays eggs instead of giving birth to fully formed babies.
Its original appearance has been used in many circumstances, especially in its country of origin, Australia. It is so rare that it was used as a mascot for many events. It appears even on the tail of the coin of 20 Australian cents.
According an Aboriginal myth, the platypus results of the disobedience of a young cane (female duck). The cane was living with others of its species in a pond. All were afraid of the Devil On the Water and had never been away from their pond. But one day, against the advice of her elders, the cane ventured downstream and eventually found a patch of grass on the bank. Not knowing that it was the territory of the Water Rat, she moved there. Hearing the cane, the Water Rat appeared, threatened her, and, dragging her into his burrow, forced her to mate with him. The baby that was born from that event was the first Platypus. It is sometimes said that the platypus is proof of God's sense of humour.


The Platypus reaches sexual maturity around the age of 2 years old. When the platypus was first discovered, it was not known that females laid eggs. The male does not participate to the care of the eggs. The female lays one to three eggs.
It is carnivorous and feeds on insect larvae or freshwater shrimp, small fish.
A male can have up to seven kilometers of shoreline shared with 3-4 females. When he plunges his heart slows down to conserve oxygen consumption.They have a groove which is closed when the animal swims, which makes it deaf and blind in the water but allows it to remain longer underwater.
. In the nature, the Platypus can live up to ten or fifteen years.
His predators are snakes, Rakalis, Goannas and Raptors. Yet, the greatest threat to the Platypus is the deterioration of its habitat. Because it adapts well to the freshwater environment, the Platypus depends on the availability of its habitat.


MOHAMED & SAMUEL