OCTOBER - THE USA

The USA

Ce mois ci, les élèves de la 4eme7 vous emmènent aux USA. Ils vous font découvrir Miami, ses plages et son histoire, Le président Kennedy et son mandat historique,  le cinéma avec Kristen Stewart, la star de Twilight , La musique de 2Pac et la guerre du rap east coast contre west coast, La star du basketball Michael Jordan, Le magnifique cheval indien Apaloosa, les recettes du Chili Con Carne et des cookies et sans oublier le célèbre Naked Cowboy de New York.

Bonne lecture.

Miss Kahel

USA - A CITY

MIAMI

Miami is a city of the United States located in the southeast of Florida. It is the second largest city in the state with 5,564,635 people. Miami was hit hard by the economic recession that gripped the country in the 1980s.

The office tower Orne on Biscay Boulevard declared bankruptcy, banks seized unfinished condominiums, shopping centers remained only half rented. Yet Miami had its heyday in the years following the First World War. This was the era of the movie stars, major hotels and a prodigious real estate activity.

The city of Miami, as opposed to its suburbs, is not only composed of the city center (3.8 km ²) at the mouth of the river, but also several communities like Cocoonut Street which despite the annexations have retained their individuality.

Miami is one of the wettest cities in the United States. The climate of Miami combines heavy rainfall (1572.7 mm) with a very high sunshine (3154.9 H), it creates lush vegetation, the rain lasts a few minutes but are sometimes violent and rather hot in summer.

Foued & Yanis

USA - FAMOUS PEOPLE

THE 35^th PRESIDENT

of the

UNITED STATES

JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (AKA JFK) was born on May 29^th, 1917 in Brooklyn, and died on November 22^nd , 1963, assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. He was married to Jacqueline Kennedy. She was born on July 28th, 1929 in Southampton. With Kennedy she had three children Arabella (1956), Caroline (1957) and John JR (1960-1999)

Kennedy cheated on Jacqueline Kennedy with Marilyn Monroe whose real name was Norma Jeane Baker born on the 1^st of June 1926 in California. She was an actress, singer and model. She died on August 5^th , 1962 at the age of 36 years old.

After World War II, Kennedy began his political career in 1946 by being elected president of the House of Representatives. In 1948 and 1950 he was reelected twice president but he was not always in agreement with President Harry S. Truman and the Democratic Party

He became président of the USA in 1960 and started in January 1961. On March 28^th , 1961, he launcheda weapons program, one of the largest in peace time. He doubled the number of nuclear bombs, increases the number of strategic bombers and missiles, he also increased the number of divisions on alert and quad units of anti-guerrilla struggles. He also launched a vast space program to meet the engagement of the Russians on that field. Thanks to him, the first man to step on the moon was American.

On April 16-18, 1963, the Kennedy administration tried to implement a plan originally prepared by Dwight Eisenhower to overthrow Fidel Castro, the communist Cuban President. With the help of the CIA; 1500 Cuban exiles returned to the island and tried to rally the population; it was a failure that was known as the "invasion of the Bay of Pigs." In less than two days, Kennedy refusing any air support, the Castro government killed or captured exiles and Kennedy had to negotiate their release. It will be obtained after 20 months at a price of $ 53 million in food and medicine. Kennedy, in a speech, said he was solely responsible for the disaster, but in private, he said that the CIA lied to him and manipulated him to give the order of the total invasion of Cuba. Allen Welsh Dulles, CIA director, will be dismissed and the remainder of the term of Kennedy will be marked by a certain distrust of the intelligence community (CIA)

Gregoire & Morgan L

USA - CINEMA

Kristen Stewart

Kristen Stewart is an American actress born on April 9^th, 1990 in Los Angeles.
Kristen Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. His father John Stewart is a television producer and director for Fox TV. Her mother, Jules Mann-Stewart is originally from Australia and a script writer.

She has three brothers: Cameron, Taylor and Dana, the last two were adopted.
She went to school until the age of 13, she started to be home-schooled, she took medication to control her hyperactivity into adulthood.

Kristen Stewart startede at the age of eight, after an agent saw her performance at the Christmas show of her elementary school. Her first role was a cameo appearance in an telefilm produced by Disney Channel. Then she played in an independent film in which she played the daughter of a single mother with (Patricia Clarkson) whom she had problems, then she played in Panic Room in 2002, she played Jodie Foster's diabetic daughter. She later played in the thriller The Devil's Throat, she played the daughter of the characters (Dennis Quaid) and (Sharon Stone) but the film failed at the box office.

Her first starring role was in action films and comedies such as The Dick and Jane alongside Max Thieriot and Corbin Blue. In 2004, then thirteen years old, Kristen Stewart played the role of a raped girl (Mélinda Sordio) facing the emotional shock of this agression. She was highly praised for her interpretation.

In 2005, Kristen Stewart appeared in the fantasy adventure film Zathura: A Space Adventure in the role of Lisa - an irresponsible big sister, two younger brothers turn their house into a spacecraft. The film received good reviews, but the performance of Kristen Stewart did not get much attention, since her character was still for most of the film. The following year, she played the role of Maya in Fierce People, directed by Griffin Dunne. After that, she received the lead role of Jess Solomon in the supernatural thriller The Messengers. The film was a commercial success but received highly negative reviews.

In 2007, Kristen Stewart appeared as the beautiful teenager Lucy Hardwicke in In the Land of Women, a romantic drama starring Meg Ryan and Adrian Brody. The film, and the performance of Kristen Stewart received mixed reviews. The same year, she starred in Into the Wild, the film adaptation of Sean Penn, highly acclaimed by critics. For her portrayal of Tracy, a young singer who succumbs to the charm of the adventurer Christopher McCandless (played by Emile Hirsch), Kristen Stewart received generally positive reviews. The Chicago Tribune noted that she had given life to the character in "a really striking way". However, the critic Dennis Harvey of Variety commented skeptically, "It is not clear if Stewart wants to play the hippie Tracy as vapid, or if it succeeds in this way". After Into the Wild, Kristen Stewart made ​​a cameo in the very last scene of the movie Jumper and also appeared in What Just Happened, which was released in 2008 and she was also the co-star in The Cake Eaters and The Yellow Handkerchief two independent films .

On November 16^th 2007, Summit Entertainment announced she would play the role of Bella Swan in the upcoming film The Twilight Saga, based on Stephenie Meyer's bestseller, dealing with a love story between a human and a vampire. She would star with British actor Robert Pattinson, who played Edward Cullen. The film began production in February 2008 and finished filming in May 2008. Twilight came out on November 20, 2008 in North America, and January 7, 2009 in France. Every actor then played major roles in other films.

Paule et Pauline

USA - MUSIC

2PAC

His real name was Afeni Shakur
His mother and his father (billy garland) took part the group of the Black Panthers, a radical movement for the defence of black rights in the 1970s.
The careers of 2PAC started in 1990 when he made his first song called Sami.

2PAC has lived in New York and died in Las Vegas at the age of 25 years old. His musical rap was east coast. He was the living representation of the East Coast rap as opposed to Notorious Big for the west coast rap.

He played in a few films

2PAC's album called “Apocalypse” did not do as well in the charts as the next albums and didn't even reach the first five places.
At the end of 1993 Der Shakur Thug Life was formed, a band he created with his friends in particular Biggai Syke. The group usually performed in concerts without tupac.

Tupac also said: “I am not a gangster and I've never been. I'm not a thief who takes your bag. I'm not a guy who makes car jackings. I'm an artist.”

The rivalry with Notorious Big began with an album “Time Dog Penicillin” (1991), where he addresses violently to the Compton rappers such qu'Eazy-E, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, MC Eiht and many others in “Fuck Compton” as “Fire Ships” or “Step to Me”. There followed a war between labels “Death Row Records” and “Bad Boy Records”, one being on the West Coast (Los Angeles) and the other on the East Coast (New York). “Death Row” had some of the best rappers such as Tupac, Snoop Dogg, Ice Cube and Dr. Dre. At the other end of the country there was “Puff Daddy”, “The Notorious BIG” (Bad Boy Records) were the leaders of the West Coast.

2Pac and Notorious Big were victims of this war because both of them were shot. It's a shame when music becomes so violent.

Mathieu , Morgan D and Samuel.

USA - SPORT

Basketball: Michael Jordan

Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born on February 17^th , 1914, in New York.

He is a American basketball player.

He measures 1m98.

He the son of Deloris, he studied at the Univesity of North Carolina at Chapel hill.

His jersey numbers are 23, 45 or 12. His first club was theChicago Bulls.

He played with them between 1984 and 1993 before retiring a first time.

He played again from 1994 to 1998 and finished basketball in 2003 definitively.

He is the greatest basketball player of all time!

He was famous for being one of the best defenser in the NBA league. (In 1991).

He was also an actor.

He also gave his name to ​​a new shoe brand he named «Air Jordan » for the Nike company.

Jimmy & Mohamed

USA - ANIMALS

THE APPALOOSA HORSE

The appaloosa is a breed of saddled horse from the North-West of the United States. The outstanding feature of these horses is to have very often a spotted coat.

The nose-pierced tribe, who used to breed these horses, lost most of them in 1877 and the breed declined for decades.

Since the mid-twentieth, numerous cross-breedings with horses, quarter horses and thoroughbreds have been made. Quarter horses and painted horses are allowed in three international competitions and western riding races.

In the United States, it was named the official state horse for Idaho in 1975.

This horse is also present in many popular works, especially movies.

The appaloosa is rooted in the many horses brought with settlers on the American continent. It is one of the first horses since we can find statements or representations of horses wearing this dress from prehistoric times to the Renaissance times but horses in colorful dress were unappreciated by Arabic and Spanish people according to specialists.

Oral tradition has it that the pierced-nose indians have discovered the horse in 1730 and acquired this newcomer in Shoshone lands, down south. They bought a full white mare and early after, huge herds thrived in an environment of fat pastures and canyons, supportive and protected. Horses multiplied along the valleys of the Snake River, the Palouse River and wide plains of Columba.

The Appaloosas were also selected for a particular shape, the Indians wanted a very comfortable seat to cover long distances, "horses for 100 miles a day."

Ranchers continue to breed these horses color but for their own use. In 1937, a historian and also a jumper, Francis Haines, published an article on the Appaloosa in a horse magazine. It was the beginning of an immense interest of readers and other articles followed with public support, six fans in search of the descendants of original Appaloosas created a studybook and are trying to save the breed. Nearly 5,000 horses are selected and declared at the origin of the new Appaloosa.

Chloé and Anna

USA - FOOD

American Meals

Several American favorites:

Chili con carne
We must add 50g of butter, then two large chopped onions, remember to add two garlic cloves crushed to give a garlic flavor and five hundred grams of ground beef, if you want you can add a teaspoon of Chili powder. Add two teaspoons of cumin and don't forget sixty five grams of tomato puree, a big box of drained red beans,thirty cl of beef broth, salt, pepper, parsley to garnish and season it.

-50 G of butter
- 2 large onions
- 2 garlic cloves, crushed
- 500 g of ground beef
- 1 teaspoon Chili powder
- 2 teaspoons ground cumin
- 65 g of tomato puree
- 1 large can of red beans, drained
- 30 cl beef broth
- Salt, pepper, parsley for garnish

Cookies

To start the recipe, take two hundred and fifty grams of flour, add one hundred and twenty five grams of cane sugar (brown sugar) and a packet of vanilla sugar, a small pinch of salt, then add half a teaspoon of baking yeast, break an egg and put it in a bowl, cut one hundred and twenty five grams of butter, incorporate two coffee spoons of honey, to finish with, add several chocolate chips (to taste if you want) bake it at 180 degrees in the oven, preheat for fifteen minutes before

• 250 g of flour
  - 125 g of cane sugar (or brown sugar)
  - 1 packet of vanilla sugar
  - 1 pinch of salt
  - 1/2 teaspoon of baking yeast
  - 1 egg
  - 125 g of butter
  - 2 teaspoons of honey, chocolate chips,

Guillaume & Loick

USA - STREET ART

The Naked Cowboy

His real name is Robert John Burck

He was born on December 23^rd , 1970 in Cincinnati and he got married in 2013.
He is a street artist who plays the guitar, sings in the streets of New York

He began his career in 1997 in Los Angeles.

He is dressed in a hat, pants and boots. He looks like he's naked.
He became famous and now tourists take pictures with him!

In Times Square, he has performed live 321 days a year since 1999

Today he puts his name on several products!

He also marries the people who want it but you have to give him money for it.

He makes a good living, he makes $ 300 a day.

In 2009 he wanted to become mayor of New York. He even tried to become President of the United States!

The political party he is in is more on the right side. It is called the Tea Party (for example they say that women should stay at home to bring up their children) The Tea Party is in opposition to the policies of Barack Obama: members of that party do not want to pay taxes for others and therefore they are against the idea of a social security for all

Dany & Arthur